2012 Egyptian Shura Council election

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2012 Egyptian Shura Council election

← 2010 29 January–22 February 2012 2020 →

180 of 270 seats in the Shura Council
Remaining 90 seats appointed by the President
  First party Second party
 
Leader Mohamed Morsi Emad Abdel Ghaffour
Party Freedom and Justice al-Nour
Seats won 105 45
Popular vote 2,894,922 1,840,014
Percentage 45.04% 28.63%

  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader El-Sayyid el-Badawi Ahmed Hassan Said
Party New Wafd Egyptian Bloc
Seats won 14 8
Popular vote 543,417 348,957
Percentage 8.45% 5.43%

Speaker before election

vacant

Elected Speaker

Ahmed Fahmy
Freedom and Justice

Shura Council elections were held in Egypt between 29 January and 22 February 2012.[1] The Freedom and Justice Party emerged as the largest party in the council, winning 105 of the 180 elected seats.

Background[edit]

Parliamentary elections were held in late 2010 and were followed by controversy and repression as well as accusations of fraud.[2]

Following similar events in Tunisia during the Arab Spring, Egyptian activists called for protesters to turn up in cities around Egypt on various specially-designated days of rages. Though violence was reported at some points, protests were largely peaceful with the army staying quiet until 10 February 2011, when calls for Hosni Mubarak to resign were at their peak. The following day, Vice President Omar Suleiman announced Mubarak's resignation from the presidency while turning power over to the military. The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, headed by Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi would lead the country for a transitional period until a civilian government takes over.

A constitutional referendum was then approved on 19 March.[3]

Electoral system[edit]

At the time of the election the Shura Council had 270 seats, of which 90 were appointed and 180 elected.[4] Of the 180 elected seats, 60 were elected by majority voting in single-member constituencies, and 120 by proportional representation based on the total number of votes cast in the constituencies.[4] Voting was compulsory, with a potential £20 fine for non-voters.[4]

Party lists had to include at least one woman candidate, and had to pass a 0.5% electoral threshold to win a proportional representation seat.[4] For the constituency seats, candidates were required to win over 50% of the vote and for there to be either a farmer or worker elected from their constituency in order to be elected in the first round.[4] Run-offs would be when no candidate won over 50% of the vote in a constituency, and in cases where two candidates achieved over 50%, but neither of them were workers or farmers, the candidate with the highest number of votes would be declared elected, and a run-off held between the highest ranking workers and farmers.[4]

The elections were held in two stages; a first stage on 29 and 30 January, with run-offs on 5 and 6 February, and a second stage on 14 and 15 February, with run-offs on 21 and 22 February.[1][5] There were originally plans to hold the elections in three stages, with the third stage taking place on 4–5 March and run-offs on 11–12 March, but in early January 2012, the election process was sped up to shorten the transition period.[6]

Campaign[edit]

The liberal Free Egyptians Party announced a boycott of the elections, complaining about irregularities during the preceding parliamentary elections and denouncing the Shura Council elections as a "waste of time".[7]

Results[edit]

The first phase included the governorates of Alexandria, Asyut, Cairo, Dakahlia, Damietta, Faiyum, Gharbia, Monufia, New Valley, North Sinai, Qena, Red Sea and South Sinai. Voter turnout for the first phase was at 15%, while turnout for its run-off was down to 6%.[8]

The polls of the second phase were held in Giza, Sharqiya, Kafr el-Sheikh, Qalyubia, Aswan, Sohag, Luxor, Beni Suef, Minya, Matrouh, Beheira, Suez, Ismailia and Port Said. The turnout in the second phase on 14–15 February was at 12.2%.[8] According to the Higher Elections Commission, 3 million out of around 25 million eligible voters cast their votes. The number of invalid votes was 252,899.[9]

PartyProportionalConstituencyTotal
seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Freedom and Justice Party2,894,92245.045649105
Islamist Bloc1,840,01428.6338745
New Wafd Party543,4178.4514014
Egyptian Bloc348,9575.43808
Democratic Peace Party95,2731.48101
Freedom Party84,9361.32303
Other parties620,1479.65
Independents44
Presidential appointees90
Total6,427,666100.0012060270
Source: Supreme Committee for Elections, EISA

Aftermath[edit]

During the first Shura Council session on 28 February 2012, FJP member Ahmed Fahmy was elected speaker.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "The official website of Supreme Committee for Elections". Supreme Committee for Elections.
  2. ^ Flock, Elizabeth (29 November 2011). "Egypt elections marred by allegations of fraud". The washington post.
  3. ^ "Official Referendum Website".
  4. ^ a b c d e f Majlis Ash-Shura (Shoura Assembly) IPU
  5. ^ El Gundy, Zeinab (27 September 2011). "SCAF finally reveals parliamentary elections dates and roadmap". ahramonline.
  6. ^ "Egypt's elections to wrap up sooner than expected". france24. 1 January 2012.
  7. ^ "Free Egyptians party announces boycott of upper house elections", Ahram Online, 9 January 2012, retrieved 13 January 2012
  8. ^ a b "Turnout at 12.2 percent for 2nd round of Egypt's upper house polls", China Daily, 18 February 2012
  9. ^ "Turnout in 2nd stage of Shura elections 12.2%", Pharaohs Today, 18 February 2012
  10. ^ "Brotherhood's Fahmy named Egypt Shura Council speaker". Ahram Online. 28 February 2012.