Amarna letter EA 153

Amarna letter EA 153
Amarna letter EA 153
Material	Clay
Height	7.7 cm
Width	5.2 cm
Created	c. 1350 BC
Present location	New York City, New York, United States

Amarna letter EA 153, titled Ships on Hold,^[1] is a short-length clay tablet letter from Abimilku of the island (at Amarna letters time) of city-state Tyre.

EA 153 is approximately 7.7 centimetres (3 in) tall x 5.2 centimetres (2 in) wide,^[2] (actually 3 1/16 x 2 1/16 inches), and has a missing flaked, lower right corner on its obverse affecting two lines of text. One line repeats "...King, Lord-mine...," allowing for only one line of more difficult restoration.

The letter shows a high-gloss surface on the clay tablet, and being a short letter, has only 5 to 8/9 cuneiform characters per line. It contains one special cuneiform sign for ship, MÁ, MÁ (ship Sumerogram), a sign used in both the Amarna letters, and the Epic of Gilgamesh. Also, the letter's scribe used mostly 'very-short' stroked, and 'fat-and-rounded' cuneiform strokes,^[3] instead of the more arrow-shaped, sharp, and linear strokes, . Since on EA 153, there are also distinct, medium-sized wedge strokes, (example "be" ) as well as L-shaped strokes (angled stylus), the scribe may have used 2 or more styluses.

The clay tablet letter is located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, no. 24.2.12.

The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 25? years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

EA 153, obverse, bottom, and last lines[edit]

Moran's non-linear letter English language translation (translated from the French language):^[4]

(Lines 1-3)--[To] the king, my lord: [Mes]sage of Abimilku,¹ your servant. I fall at your feet 7 times and 7 times. ( "7 and 7 times" )

(4-5)--I have carried out what the king, my lord, ordered.

(2 repeat sections, 3 lines each)

(6-8)--The entire land-("country-side") is afraid of the troops of the king, my lord.

(9-11)--I have had my men hold ships at the disposition of the troops of the king, my lord.

(12-16)--Whoever has disobeyed has no family, has nothing alive. Since I gua[rd the ci]ty of the king, [my] lo[rd],

(obverse-bottom & reverse)

(17-20)--m[y] s[afety] is the king's responsibility. [May he take cognizance] of his servant who is on his side.²--(obverse, bottom edge, and top of reverse, with lacunae restored, lines 1-20 complete)

EA 153, Akkadian text[edit]

The Akkadian language text, Metropolitan Museum of Art (Spar 1988).^[5]

Obverse

-(Line 1)--[ a na ] LUGAL EN-lí-ia

-(2)--[u]m-ma ^IIa-Bi-LUGAL [ ÌR ]-ka

-(3)--7 u 7 a na GÌR.MEŠ-ka am-qut

-(4)--ša i[q-b ]i LUGAL be-li-ia

-(5)--šu-[ ut ] e-te-pu-uš

-(6)--pal-ha-at gab bu

-(7)--KUR-ti iš tu pā nu

-(8)--(ÉRIN)ERIM.MEŠ LUGAL EN-lí-ia

-(9)--su-hi-iz-ti LÚ.MEŠ-ia

-(10)--^GIŠMÁ.MEŠ a na pā nu

-(11)--(ÉRIN)ERIM.MEŠ LUGAL be-li-ia

-(12)--ù ša la iš-te-mi

-(13)--iā nu É-šu iā nu

-(14)--bal-tá-šu an-nu-ú

-(15)--a na-an-ṣ[ár UR ] U(?)

-(16)--LUGAL be-[ li-ia

Lower Edge

-(17)--[ šu-ul ]-m[i]

-(18)--mu-hi LUGAL li-[[-[de]

Reverse

-(19)--a na ÌR-šu ša

-(20--it ti-šu

References[edit]

^ Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 153, Ships on Hold, p. 240.
^ "Amarna letter: Royal Letter from Abi-milku of Tyre to the king of Egypt | New Kingdom, Amarna Period". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ Image Metmuseum
^ Moran 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 153, Ships on Hold, p. 240.
^ Spar, Ira. (1988) Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Tablets, Cones, and Bricks of the Third and Second Millennia B.C., Vol. 1., EA 153, pp. 150-151.

Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
Spar, Ira. (1988) Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Tablets, Cones, and Bricks of the Third and Second Millennia B.C., Vol. 1., EA 153, pp. 150–151. (New York, 1988)