Campaign of the Manuripi region
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| Campaign of the Manuripi region | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Bolivian-Peruvian territorial dispute and Acre dispute | |||||||||
 Negotiations between Peru-Bolivia in the Amazon | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Bolivia |
 Peru | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
Eliodoro Villazón  Lino Echeverría † |
Augusto B. Leguía | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
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1 detachment: 16 men |
5th Infantry Regiment: 150 men | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
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4 killed 7 captured or wounded | None | ||||||||
The Manuripi campaign was an armed confrontation between Bolivian and Peruvian troops and a group of indigenous people in 1910. The Bolivian press has treated this conflict as "forgotten" due to the little importance with which it is taken in the country's history,[1] perhaps due to the singularity of the confrontation, since a treaty had already been signed several months ago that awarded those territories to Peru.
At that time, the borders between Peru and Bolivia were not well defined and the Argentine arbitration of July 9, 1909, caused tensions to rise. During this, Bolivian Captain Lino Echeverría and 16 men remained the small fortress of Avaroa, on the Manuripí River. This led to fighting, and on June 21, 1910, Echeverría repelled an attack by 25 Peruvians, with losses on both sides. This was followed by the Peruvian 5th Infantry Regiment, consisting of 180 men, 2 machine guns, and 20 canoes, landing at the confluence of the Manuripi and Mejahuirra rivers on July 22.[2] It is believed[by whom?] that the arrest of a smuggler by Bolivian troops further heightened tensions. Two months later, a force of 150 Peruvian and indigenous soldiers presented an ultimatum to the fort held by Echeverria. During the ensuing attack, Echeverria and three other Bolivian soldiers were killed while defending the fort, and several prisoners were taken.[3]
Legacy[edit]
In honor of Captain Echeverría, the "29th Infantry Regiment Cap. Lino Echeverría" was named in his honor in 1982.[4]
There is a controversy over the fact of Captain Echeverría's presence in the region. Apparently, it had been several months since that territory (about 250,000 km²),[5] had been recognized as Peruvian by the Bolivian government, according to the Border Rectification Treaty, in exchange for Peru recognizing Bolivian rights in 91,726 km2 (35,416 sq mi) in the Acre region.[6]
According to the Bolivian point of view, this treaty —established on September 17, 1909— constituted a territorial victory for Lima, since most of the disputed territory became part of Peru.[7] A general agreement between Peru and Bolivia was obtained in 1909 and was parallel to the revision of the Titicaca line. A landmark of this discussion was the Argentine arbitration process between Bolivia and Peru.[8] The Argentine mediation on the Peruvian and Bolivian titles in the Acre, was settled against Bolivia in the Treaty of 1909, the same year in which Brazil and Peru would also have their verdict about the distribution, among others, of spoils of the Acre by Brazil and Peru: in this case the arbitration trial agreed with Peru.[9] All these events apparently went unnoticed by Captain Echeverría Therefore, it is speculated that the captain was not informed of these diplomatic events between the two countries, which would explain his presence in the Manuripi.[10]
References[edit]
- ^ "Las FFAA protagonizarn 14 incursiones desde su creación" (in Spanish). Urgentebo. 9 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- ^ Scheina, Robert L. (1987). Latin America : a naval history, 1810-1987. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-295-8. OCLC 15696006.
- ^ "THE ARMED SHOCK BETWEEN PERU AND BOLIVIA OF 1909". Bolivian History. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30.
- ^ "Síntesis Histórica de los Comandos y Unidades Militares de las Fuerzas Armadas de Bolivia" (PDF) (in Spanish). Ministerio de Defensa – Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-10-09. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- ^ "Bolivia has lost more than 1 million km2 and with whom it has lost the most is with Brazil and Argentina". Infogate, Chile. 30 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-07-11.
- ^ Zapata Santín, Carlos Edwin. Seguridad y Defensa Nacional (in Spanish). Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. p. 262.
- ^ "Bolivia has lost more than 1 million km2". Infogate. September 30, 2018. Archived from the original on 2020-07-11.
- ^ Garay Vera, Cristián (September 2009). "El atributo amazónico del Perú. La construcción de una soberanía 1903-1942". Historia Crítica (39): 108–129. doi:10.7440/histcrit39.2009.07.
- ^ Garay Vera, Cristián (30 December 2016). "La competencia por el control del espacio amazónico en el contexto de la diplomacia sudamericana, 1830-1998" [The competition to control the Amazon Territory within the Framework of South American Diplomacy, 1830-1998]. Procesos. Revista ecuatoriana de historia (in Spanish) (44). doi:10.29078/rp.v0i44.618.
- ^ "Conflictos Ribereños en Sudamérica en el Siglo XX" (in Spanish). Historia y Arqueología Marítima. Archived from the original on 2013-10-30. Retrieved 30 June 2020.