File:Harrat Khaybar Space.jpg

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Description
English: Satellite image of Harrat Khaybar volcanic field
  • Harrat Khaybar, Saudi Arabia is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 16 crewmember on the International Space Station. The western half of the Arabian peninsula contains not only large expanses of sand and gravel, but extensive lava fields known as haraat (harrat for a named field). One such field is the 14,000-square kilometer Harrat Khaybar, located approximately 137 kilometers to the northeast of the city of Al Madinah (Medina). According to scientists, the volcanic field was formed by eruptions along a 100-kilometer long north-south linear vent system over the past 5 million years; the most recent recorded eruption took place between 600 - 700 A.D.
  • Harrat Khaybar contains a wide range of volcanic rock types and spectacular landforms, several of which are represented in this view. Jabal al Quidr is built from several generations of dark, fluid basalt lava flows; the flows surround the 322--meter high stratovolcano (Jabal is translated as "mountain" in Arabic). Jabal Abyad, in the center of the image, was formed from a more viscous, silica-rich lava classified as a rhyolite. While Jabal al Quidr exhibits the textbook cone shape of a stratovolcano, Jabal Abyad is a lava dome -- a rounded mass of thicker, more solidified lava flows. To the west (top center) is the impressive Jabal Bayda'.
  • This symmetric structure is a tuff cone, formed by eruption of lava in the presence of water. This leads to the production of wet, sticky pyroclastic deposits that can build a steep cone structure, particularly if the deposits consolidate quickly. White deposits visible in the crater of Jabal Bayda' (and two other locations to the south) are formed from sand and silt that accumulate in shallow, protected depressions. The presence of tuff cones -- together with other volcanic features indicative of water -- in the Harrat Khaybar suggest that the local climate was much wetter during some periods of volcanic activity. Today, however, the regional climate is hyperarid -- little to no yearly precipitation -- leading to an almost total lack of vegetation.
Date
Source NASA Johnson Space Center (direct link)
Author Expedition 16 Crew Member on the International Space Station, NASA
This image or video was catalogued by Johnson Space Center of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: ISS016-E-034524.

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This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was created by the Image Science & Analysis Laboratory, of the NASA Johnson Space Center. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (NASA media use guidelines or Conditions of Use of Astronaut Photographs). Photo source: ISS016-E-34524.

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current14:25, 24 November 2010Thumbnail for version as of 14:25, 24 November 20103,032 × 2,005 (1.86 MB)Originalwanacorrect white balance
15:19, 3 June 2009Thumbnail for version as of 15:19, 3 June 20093,032 × 2,064 (1,016 KB)Av9{{Information |Description={{en|1=Satellite image of Harrat Khaybar volcanic field}} |Source=NASA Johnson Space Center. http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/crew-16/hires/iss016e034524.jpg |Author=Expedition 16 Crew Membe on the Internationa

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