Haplogroup Q-M120

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Haplogroup Q-M120
Possible time of origin15 400 ybp
Possible place of originAsia
AncestorQ1a1a (F746/NWT01)
Defining mutationsM120 and M265 (AKA N14)

Haplogroup Q-M120, also known as Q1a1a1, is a Y-DNA haplogroup. It is the only primary branch of haplogroup Q1a1a (F746/NWT01). The lineage is most common amongst modern populations in eastern Eurasia.

Distribution[edit]

The Americas[edit]

One of the 1K Genomes samples, HG01944, from Peruvians in Lima, Peru belongs to Q-M120.[1][2] Q-M120 is the other branch under Q-F746. It is best known as an East Asian branch of Q. This is intriguing; if it is not a result of post-colonial admixture, it will mark a fourth or fifth Q lineage in the Americas. The branch of Q-M120 including this sample has a calculated TMRCA of 5,000 to 7,000 years,[1] meaning that it may be the result of a later pre-Columbian immigration from North or East Asia.

Asia[edit]

Q-M120 is present in Eastern Asia and may trace its origin to East Asia.[3][4][5] It has been found at low frequency in samples of Han Chinese,[4][5] Dungans,[6] Hmong Daw in Laos,[7] Japanese,[8] Dörwöd Kalmyks,[9] Koreans,[6] Mongols,[10][11] Tibetans,[5][12][13] Uygurs,[14] and Vietnamese.[1][2] It also has been found among Bhutanese,[15] Murut people in Brunei,[16] and Azerbaijanis.[1] Sengupta et al. (2006) reported finding Q-M120 in the HGDP sample of Pakistani Hazaras,[17] but the Bayesian tree in Supplementary Figure 12 of Lippold et al. (2014) suggests that these HGDP Pakistani Hazara individuals more likely should belong to Q-L275, and that three members of the HGDP Naxi sample and one member of the HGDP Han sample should belong to Q-M120 instead.[18] Di Cristofaro et al. (2013) tested the same sample of Pakistani Hazaras and reported that they belonged to the following Y-DNA haplogroups: 1/25 C-PK2/M386(xM407, M532), 9/25 C-M401, 1/25 I-M223, 1/25 J-M530, 2/25 O-M122(xM134), 1/25 Q-M242(xM120, M25, M346, M378), 1/25 Q-M378, 1/25 R-M124, 8/25 R-M478/M73.[11]

Population Paper N Percentage SNP Tested
Dungan (Kyrgyzstan) Wells 2001[6] 3/40 ~7.5% M120
Han (Henan) Su 2000[5] 2/28 ~7.1% M120
Han (Anhui) Su 2000[5] 1/22 ~4.6% M120
Northern Han Su 2000[5] 1/22 ~4.5% M120
Kinh
(Ho Chi Minh City)		 Poznik 2016[2] 2/46 ~4.3% M120
Han (Shanghai) Su 2000[5] 1/30 ~3.3% M120
Han (Shandong) Su 2000[5] 1/32 ~3.1% M120
Korea Wells 2001[6] 1/45 ~2.2% M120
Tibetan (Lhasa) Su 2000[5] 1/46 ~2.2% M120
Tibet Gayden 2007[12] 2/156 ~1.3% M120
Han (Shanxi) Zhong 2010[14] 1/56 ~1.8% M120
Uygur (Xinjiang) Zhong 2010[14] 1/71 ~1.4% M120
Uygur (Xinjiang) Zhong 2010[14] 1/50 ~2.0% M120
Han (Jiangsu) Su 2000[5] 1/55 ~1.8% M120
Mongolia Di Cristofaro 2013[11] 2/160 ~1.25% M120
Japan Nonaka 2007[8] 1/263 ~0.38% M120

Europe[edit]

To date, Q-M120 has not been detected in European populations.

Associated SNPs[edit]

Haplogroup Q-M120 is defined by the presence of the M120 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M265 (AKA N14) SNP.

Phylogenetic tree[edit]

This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft Tree for haplogroup Q-M120.

  • Q-MEH2 MEH2, L472, L528
    • Q-M120 M120, N14/M265

See also[edit]

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades[edit]

Y-DNA backbone tree[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d YFull Haplogroup YTree v6.03.05 at 20 July 2018. Accessed July 20, 2018.
  2. ^ a b c G. David Poznik, Yali Xue, Fernando L. Mendez, et al. (2016), "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences." Nature Genetics 2016 June ; 48(6): 593–599. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
  3. ^ Grugni, Viola; Raveane, Alessandro; Ongaro, Linda; Battaglia, Vincenza; Trombetta, Beniamino; Colombo, Giulia; Capodiferro, Marco Rosario; Olivieri, Anna; Achilli, Alessandro; Perego, Ugo A.; Motta, Jorge; Tribaldos, Maribel; Woodward, Scott R.; Ferretti, Luca; Cruciani, Fulvio (2019). "Analysis of the human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q characterizes ancient population movements in Eurasia and the Americas". BMC Biology. 17 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s12915-018-0622-4. ISSN 1741-7007. PMC 6345020. PMID 30674303.
  4. ^ a b Wen B; Li H; Lu D; et al. (September 2004). "Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture". Nature. 431 (7006): 302–5. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..302W. doi:10.1038/nature02878. PMID 15372031. S2CID 4301581. – Supplementary Table 2: NRY haplogroup distribution in Han populations
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Su, Bing; Xiao, Chunjie; Deka, Ranjan; Seielstad, Mark T.; Kangwanpong, Daoroong; Xiao, Junhua; Lu, Daru; Underhill, Peter; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca (2000). "Y chromosome haplotypes reveal prehistorical migrations to the Himalayas". Human Genetics. 107 (6): 582–90. doi:10.1007/s004390000406. PMID 11153912. S2CID 36788262.
  6. ^ a b c d Wells RS; Yuldasheva N; Ruzibakiev R; et al. (August 2001). "The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (18): 10244–9. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9810244W. doi:10.1073/pnas.171305098. PMC 56946. PMID 11526236. – Table 1: Y-chromosome haplotype frequencies in 49 Eurasian populations, listed according to geographic region
  7. ^ Cai X, Qin Z, Wen B, Xu S, Wang Y, et al. (2011), "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes." PLoS ONE 6(8): e24282. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282
  8. ^ a b Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. (2007). "Y-chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y-STR Polymorphisms". Annals of Human Genetics. 71 (4): 480–95. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. hdl:10130/491. PMID 17274803. S2CID 1041367.
  9. ^ Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Woźniak, Tomasz Grzybowski, and Ilya Zakharov, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels." Journal of Human Genetics (2013) 58, 804–811; doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108
  10. ^ Battaglia V, Grugni V, Perego UA, Angerhofer N, Gomez-Palmieri JE, et al. (2013), "The First Peopling of South America: New Evidence from Y-Chromosome Haplogroup Q." PLoS ONE 8(8): e71390. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071390
  11. ^ a b c Di Cristofaro J, Pennarun E, Mazières S, Myres NM, Lin AA, et al. (2013) "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge." PLoS ONE 8(10): e76748. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748
  12. ^ a b Gayden T; Cadenas AM; Regueiro M; et al. (May 2007). "The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80 (5): 884–94. doi:10.1086/516757. PMC 1852741. PMID 17436243.
  13. ^ Wang C-C, Wang L-X, Shrestha R, Zhang M, Huang X-Y, et al. (2014), "Genetic Structure of Qiangic Populations Residing in the Western Sichuan Corridor." PLoS ONE 9(8): e103772. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103772
  14. ^ a b c d Zhong, H.; Shi, H.; Qi, X.-B.; Duan, Z.-Y.; Tan, P.-P.; Jin, L.; Su, B.; Ma, R. Z. (2010). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (1): 717–27. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID 20837606.
  15. ^ Pille Hallast, Chiara Batini, Daniel Zadik, et al., "The Y-chromosome tree bursts into leaf: 13,000 high-confidence SNPs covering the majority of known clades." Molecular Biology and Evolution Advance Access publication December 2, 2014. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu327
  16. ^ Monika Karmin, Lauri Saag, Mário Vicente, et al. (2015), "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture." Genome Research 25:1–8. Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; ISSN 1088-9051/15; www.genome.org.
  17. ^ Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
  18. ^ Sebastian Lippold, Hongyang Xu, Albert Ko, Mingkun Li, Gabriel Renaud, Anne Butthof, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking, "Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences." Investigative Genetics 2014, 5:13. http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/5/1/13

External links[edit]

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