Help:IPA/Afrikaans

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Afrikaans pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Afrikaans phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Afrikaans, as well as dialectal variations that are not represented here.

Consonants
IPA Examples Examples in IPA English approximation
b beet bɪə̯t beet
d dak dak duck
f fiets, ver fit͡s, fæːr far
ɦ hoekom ˈɦukɔm behind
j ja jaː yes
k kat kat skin
l land ɫant land
m man man man
n nek næk neck
ŋ eng æŋ long
p pen, rib, lip pæn, rɪp, lɪp sport
r ras ras No equivalent, rolled R as in some varieties of Scottish English
s sak, seep sak, sɪə̯p sock
ʃ sjabloon, sjef ʃaˈbluə̯m, ʃæːf shall
t tak, hond tak, ɦɔnt stop
Tsjeggië, tjek ˈʧæχiə, ʧæːk chat
χ generaal, weg χɛnəˈrɑːl, væːχ loch (Scottish English)
v wang vaŋ van
ʒ visueel vəʒœˈɪə̯ɫ vision
Marginal consonants
ʔ beïnvloed bəˈʔənflut the catch in uh-oh!
djihad ˈʤiɦat jump
ɡ ghries[1], berge, erger gris, ˈbærgə, ˈærgər goal
w kwaad kwɑːt water
z Zoeloe ˈzuːlu zoo
Stress
ˈ vóórkom
voorkóm
ˈfuə̯rkɔm as in South-African or British commandeer
ˌkɒmənˈdiə̯
ˌ ˌfuə̯rˈkɔm
Vowels
IPA Examples Examples IPA English approximation
South-African English Received Pronunciation General American
Monophthongs (oral)
a bad bat up No equivalent, similar to quack, however pronounced further down in the mouth
ɑː aap ɑːp father
æ ek, bel, reg, blerrie æk, bæɫ, ræχ, ˈbɫærːi back
æː perd, ver, wêreld, bêre pæːrt, fæːr, ˈvæːrəɫt, ˈbæːrə jazz fat
ɛ met mɛt met dress
ɛː nè, mens, hê nɛː, mɛns (although in many accents mɛ̃ːs), ɦɛː No equivalent, similar to square, however pronounced further down in the mouth square bread
ə vis, hemel, vanaand[2] fəs, ˈɦɪə̯məɫ, fəˈnɑːnt again
əː wîe[3] ˈvəːə fur In some accents the lengthened uh, and in others uh further forward in the mouth fur
i polisie puˈlisi deep concrete deep
spieël, bier[4] spiːl, biːr need
ɔ bot bɔt thought No equivalent, roughly as in Scottish, Irish, or South-African thought or law
ɔː môre[5] ˈmɔːrə law
œ hut ɦœt Roughly as in book Roughly as in bird
œː rûe[5] ˈrœːə
u hoed, polisie ɦut, puˈlisi boot fool, cool No equivalent, roughly as in Scottish, Irish, or South-African boot or cool
koeël, moer[4] kuːɫ, muːr cool
y nuut nyt roughly like cute
uur[4] yːr roughly like true; German über
Monophthongs (nasal)
ɑ̃ː dans dɑ̃ːs (in some dialects dɑns) No equivalent, long nasalized [ɑ]; French sans
ɛ̃ː mens mɛ̃ːs (in some dialects mɛns) No equivalent, long nasalized [ɛ]; French vin
ɔ̃ː spons spɔ̃ːs (in some dialects spɔns) No English equivalent, nasalized [ɔː]; French dupont
Diphthongs
ai baie ˈbai̯ə No equivalent, roughly as in American or English price price
ɑːɪ braai brɑːɪ̯ prize
ɛɪ rys, reis rɛɪ̯s, rɛɪ̯s may
ɪə eer, ere ɪə̯r, ˈɪə̯rə ear No equivalent, roughly as in South-African or British ear ear
ɪø seun sɪø̯n Roughly like fear in some (non-standard) accents, no good English equivalent
iu eeu iu̯ ew
oːɪ nooi noːɪ̯ boy
œɪ ui œɪ̯ house (Scottish English)
əu ou əu̯ boat No equivalent, roughly as in South-African or British boat boat
so, boot suə̯, buə̯t poor (as in poverty) No equivalent, roughly as in South-African or British poor poor

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Afrikaans; it occurs only in loanwords like gholf or as an allophone of /χ/ at the end of suffixed root nouns or adjectives when both preceded by a short vowel + R cluster and followed by a schwa.
  2. ^ In words which feature a short vowel preceding its longer form (like in vanaand, tamatie and bobotie), the short vowel is neutralised (Donaldson (1993:4, 6)).
  3. ^ /əː/ occurs in no other word (Donaldson (1993:7)).
  4. ^ a b c As phonemes, /iː/ and /uː/ occur only in spieël and koeël, respectively. In other cases, [iː] and [uː] occur as allophones of /i/ and /u/ before /r/. /y/ is also lengthened to [yː] before /r/ (Donaldson (1993:4–6)).
  5. ^ a b /œː/ and /ɔː/ occur only in a few words (Donaldson (1993:7).

References[edit]

  • Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993). "1. Pronunciation". A Grammar of Afrikaans. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 1–35. ISBN 978-3-11-0134261. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  • Lass, Roger (1987). "Intradiphthongal Dependencies". In Anderson, John; Durand, Jaques (eds.). Explorations in Dependency Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland. pp. 109–131. ISBN 9067652970. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  • Wissing, Daan (2016). "Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory". Taalportaal. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

See also[edit]