Jawshan Kabir

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An Iranian woman reading Jawshan Kabir

Jawshan Kabeer (Arabic: الجَوْشَن ٱلْكَبِير, "the Great Cuirass") is a long Islamic prayer that contains 1000 names and attributes of God, and is widely used in many Shia Muslim traditions, especially in Turkey.[1] Jawshan means "steel plate" or "mail" and thus the name of the prayer refers to Muhammad's heavy armor in battle.[1] According to Shia Muslims, God taught the prayer to him as a protection from injuries in war, instead of hard armor.[2]

History[edit]

The Islamic prophet Mohammed used hard and heavy armor during fighting in the war. Because of the tightness of his armor, his body was injured. According to Shia Muslims, during the war, the angel Jibra'il (Gabriel) came and brought him a message from God, teaching prayer to Muhammad to protect him from bad events. Jibra'il said: "O’ Muhammad! Your God conveys his salutations to you and has said to take this coat of armor and to recite it as this is a protection for you and your Ummah."[3] The prayer became his armor to protect him against injuries.[2] The name of the prayer was taken from Muhammad's heavy armor, called Jawshan, in the battle.[1]

Text[edit]

The context of the prayer was written by Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin and came to him from his great grandfather Muhammad by word of mouth. Afterwards, a narrator and faqih of Shia Islam, Ibrahim ibn Ali A’meli Kafa’mi, mentioned the Jawshan Kabir context in book Balad al-Amin.[1]

The Jawshan Kabir prayer contains 100 parts. 25 of these parts start with I entreat You by Your Name. Names of God are recited after the phrase. In all, the supplication comprises 250 names of Allah and 750 attributes of Allah and request from Allah. For this reason, the Jawshan Kabir prayer is known as Ism-e-A’ẓam, i.e., the greatest name (of God). A same phrase is repeated at the end of each part. The meaning of this sentence is "Praise be to Thee, there is no God but Thee, The Granter of all Succor (Mercy!, Mercy!), Protect us from the Fire, O Lord."[4][1][2]

List of mentioned names and attributes of Allah[edit]

Names 1 to 100
No. Arabic Transliteration English translation
1 الله Allāh The God
2 رَحْمَنُ Raḥmān Gracious
3 رَحِيمُ Raḥīm Merciful
4 كَرِيمُ Karīm Most Generous
5 مُقِيمُ Muqīm Self-Subsisting
6 عَظِيمُ ʿAẓīm Greatest
7 قَدِيمُ Qadīm Eternal
8 عَلِيمُ ʿAlīm All-Knowing
9 حَلِيمُ Ḥalīm Forbearing
10 حَكِيمُ Ḥakīm Wise
11 سَيِّدَ السَّادَاتِ Sayyidaʼs-Sādāt Master of Masters
12 مُجِيبَ الدَّعَوَاتِ Mujībaʼd-Daʿawāt Acceptor of Prayers
13 رَافِعَ الدَّرَجَاتِ Rāfiʿaʼd-Darajāt Elevator of Rank
14 وَلِيَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ Waliyyaʼl-Ḥasanāt Guardian of Good Deeds
15 غَافِرَ الْخَطِيئَاتِ Ghāfiraʼl-Khaṭīʾāt Forgiver of Evil Deeds
16 مُعْطِيَ الْمَسْأَلاتِ Muʿṭiyaʼl-Masʾalāt Granter of Requests
17 قَابِلَ التَّوْبَاتِ Qābilaʼt-Tawbāt Acceptor of Repentance
18 سَامِعَ الأَصْوَاتِ Sāmiʿaʼl-ʾAṣwāt Hearer of Voices
19 عَالِمَ الْخَفِيَّاتِ ʿĀlimaʼl-Khafiyyāt Knower of Attributes
20 دَافِعَ الْبَلِيَّاتِ Dāfiʿaʼl-Baliyyāt Repeller of Calamities
21 خَيْرَ الْغافِرِينَ Khayraʼl-Ghāfirīn Best of Forgivers
22 خَيْرَ الْفَاتِحِينَ Khayraʼl-Fātiḥīn Best of Deciders
23 خَيْرَ النَّاصِرِينَ Khayraʼn-Nāṣirīn Best of Helpers
24 خَيْرَ الْحَاكِمِينَ Khayraʼl-Ḥākimīn Best of Judges
25 خَيْرَ الرَّازِقِينَ Khayraʼr-Rāziqīn Best of Providers
26 خَيْرَ الْوَارِثِينَ Khayraʼl-Wārithīn Best of Inheritors
27 خَيْرَ الْحَامِدِينَ Khayraʼl-Ḥāmidīn Best of Praisers
28 خَيْرَ الذَّاكِرِينَ Khayraʼḏ-Ḏākirīn Best of Rememberers
29 خَيْرَ الْمُنْزِلِينَ Khayraʼl-Munzilīn Best of Dischargers
30 خَيْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ Khayraʼl-Muḥsinīn Best of Benefactors
31 مَن لَّهُ الْعِزَّةُ وَالْجَمَالُ Man Llahuʼl-ʿIzzatu waʼl-Jamāl He to Whom is All Glory and Virtue
32 مَن لَّهُ الْقُدْرَةُ وَالْكَمَالُ Man Llahuʼl-Qudratu waʼl-Kamāl He to Whom is All Might and Perfection
33 مَن لَّهُ الْمُلْكُ وَالجَلاَلُ Man Llahuʼl-Mulku waʼl-Jalāl He to Whom is All Dominion and Sublimity,
34 مَنْ هُوَ الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَاِل Man Huwaʼl-Kabīruʼl-Mutaʿāl He Who is Great Above All
35 مُنْشِئَ السَّحَابِ الثِّقَاِل Munshiʾaʼs-Saḥābiʼth-Thiqāl Creator of Heavy Clouds
36 مَنْ هُوَ شَدِيدُ الْمِحَاِل Man Huwa Shadīduʼl-Miḥāl He Who is the Most Powerful
37 مَنْ هُوَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ Man Huwa Sarīʿuʼl-Ḥisāb He Who is Quick to Reckon
38 مَنْ هُوَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ Man Huwa Shadīduʼl-ʿIqāb He Who Gives the Severest Punishments
39 مَنْ عِنْدَهُ حُسْنُ الثَّوَابِ Man ʿIndahu Ḥusnuʼth-Thawāb He With Whom is the Excellent Reward
40 مَنْ عِنْدَهُ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ Man ʿIndahu ʾUmmuʼl-Kitāb He With Whom is the Original Book
41 حَنَّانُ Ḥannān Compassionate
42 مَنَّانُ Mannān Benefactor
43 دَيَّانُ Dayyān Judge
44 بُرْهَانُ Burhān Proof
45 سُلْطَانُ Sulṭān Sovereign
46 رِضْوَانُ Riḍwān Approver
47 غُفْرَانُ Ghufrān Forgiver
48 سُبْحَانُ Subḥān Exalted
49 مُسْتَعَانُ Mustaʿān Helper
50 ذَا الْمَنِّ وَالْبَيَانِ Ḏāʼl-Manni waʼl-Bayān Holder of Blessings and Manifestation
51 مَن تَوَاضَعَ كُلُّ شَيٍْء لِّعَظَمَتِهِ Man Tawāḍaʿa Kullu Shayʾin
Lliʿaẓamatih
He Before Whose Greatness Everything Bows
52 مَنِ اسْتَسْلَمَ کُلُّ شَيٍْء لِّقُدْرَتِهِ Maniʼstaslama Kullu Shayʾin
Lliqudratih
He Before Whose Power Everything Submits
53 مَن ذَلَّ كُلُّ شَيٍْء لِّعِزَّتِهِ Man Ḏalla Kullu Shayʾin Lliʿizzatih He Before Whose Might Overshadows Everything
54 مَنْ خَضَعَ كُلُّ شَيٍْء لِّهَيْبَتِهِ Man Khaḍaʿa Kullu Shayʾin
Llihaybatih
He Before Whose Prestige Everything is Humbled
55 مَنِ انْقَادَ کُلُّ شَیْ‏ءٍ مِنْ خَشْیَتِهِ Maniʼnqāda Kullu Shayʾin
Min Khashyatih
He Before Whose Fearsomeness Everything Yields
56 مَن تَشَقَّقَتِ الْجِبَالُ مِن مَّخَافَتِهِ Man Tashaqqaqatiʼl-Jibālu Min
Makhāfatih
He Before Whose Terribleness Mountains Shake
57 مَن قَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ بِأَمْرِهِ Man Qāmatiʼs-Samāwātu
Biʾamrih
He Before Whose Command the Heavens Are Raised
58 مَنِ اسْتَقَرَّتِ الْاَرَضُونَ بِاِذْنِهِ Maniʼstaqarratiʼl-ʾAraḍūna
Biʾiḏnih
He Through Whose Permission in the Earths Are Secured
59 مَن يُّسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بِحَمْدِهِ Man Yusabbiḥuʼr-Raʿdu Biḥamdih He Whose Glory the Thunder Proclaims
60 مَن لا يَعْتَدِي عَلَى أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ Man La Yaʿtadī ʿalā ʾAhli
Mamlakatih
He Who Is Never Cruel to His Subjects
61 غَافِرَ الْخَطَايَا Ghāfiraʼl-Khaṭāyā Forgiver of Sins
62 كَاشِفَ الْبَلاَيَا Kāshifaʼl-Balāyā Dispeller of Tribulations
63 مُنْتَهَى الرَّجَايَا Muntahāʼr-Rajāyā Aim of Hopes
64 مُجْزِلَ الْعَطَايَا Mujzilaʼl-ʿAṭāyā Giver of Gifts
65 وَاهِبَ الْهَدَايَا Wāhibaʼl-Hadāyā Bestower of Bounties
66 رَازِقَ الْبَرَايَا Rāziqaʼl-Barāyā Provider of Creatures
67 قَاضِي الْمَنَايَا Qāḍiyaʼl-Manāyā Judge of Destinies
68 سَامِعَ الشَّكَايَا Sāmiʿaʼsh-Shakāyā Hearer of Complaints
69 بَاعِثَ الْبَرَايَا Bāʿithaʼl-Barāyā Resurrector of Creatures
70 مُطْلِقَ الأُسَارَى Muṭliqaʼl-ʾUsārā Freer of Captives
71 ذَا الْحَمْدِ وَالثَّنَاءِ Ḏāʼl-Ḥamdi waʼth-Thanāʾ He to Whom Is All Praise and Adoration
72 ذَا الْفَخْرِ وَالْبَهَاءِ Ḏāʼl-Fakhri waʼl-Bahāʾ He Who Holds All Pride and Eminence
73 ذَا الْمَجْدِ وَالسَّنَاءِ Ḏāʼl-Majdi waʼs-Sanāʾ He Who Holds All Honor and Rank
74 ذَا الْعَهْدِ وَالْوَفَاءِ Ḏāʼl-ʿAhdi waʼl-Wafāʾ He Who Makes Promises and Honors Them
75 ذَا الْعَفْوِ وَالرِّضَاءِ Ḏāʼl-ʿAfwi waʼr-Riḍāʾ He Who Pardons and Is Content
76 ذَا الْمَنِّ وَالْعَطَاءِ Ḏāʼl-Manni waʼl-ʿAṭāʾ He Who Holds All Abundance and Provides
77 ذَا الْفَصْلِ وَالْقَضَاءِ Ḏāʼl-Faṣli waʼl-Qaḍāʾ He Who Holds Decision and Judgement
78 ذَا الْعِزِّ وَالْبَقَاءِ Ḏāʼl-ʿIzzi waʼl-Baqāʾ He Who Is Glorious and Eternal
79 ذَا الْجُودِ وَالسَّخَاءِ Ḏāʼl-ʿJūdi waʼs-Sakhāʾ He Who Is Liberal and Munificent
80 ذَا الآلاءِ وَالنَّعْمَاءِ Ḏāʼl-ʿĀlāʾi waʼn-Naʿmāʾ He Who Holds All Blessings and Bounties
81 مَانِعُ Māniʿ Defender
82 دَافِعُ Dāfiʿ Repeller
83 رَافِعُ Rāfiʿ Upgrader
84 صَانِعُ Ṣāniʿ Fashioner
85 نَافِعُ Nāfiʿ Propitious
86 سَامِعُ Sāmiʿ Hearer
87 جَامِعُ Jāmiʿ Gatherer
88 شَافِعُ Shāfiʿ Intercessor
89 وَاسِعُ Wāsiʿ Magnanimous
90 مُوسِعُ Mūsiʿ Increaser
91 صَانِعَ کُلِّ مَصْنُوعٍ Ṣāniʿa Kulli Maṣnūʿ Fashioner of Every Fashioned Thing
92 خَالِقَ کُلِّ مَخْلُوقٍ Khāliqa Kulli Makhlūq Creator of Every Created Thing
93 رَازِقَ کُلِّ مَرْزُوقٍ Rāziqa Kulli Marzūq Provider for Every Needy Thing
94 مَاِلكَ كُلِّ مَمْلُوكٍ Mālika Kulli Mamlūk Sovereign Over All Subjects
95 كَاشِفَ كُلِّ مَكْرُوبٍ Kāshifa Kulli Makrūb Dispeller of Every Hardship
96 فَاِرجَ كُلِّ مَهْمُومٍ Fārija Kulli Mahmūm Comforter of Every Griever
97 رَاحِمَ كُلِّ مَرْحُومٍ Rāḥima Kulli Marḥūm Merciful to Every Sufferer
98 نَاصِرَ كُلِّ مَخْذُولٍ Nāṣira Kulli Makhḏūl Helper of Every Forsaken Thing
99 سَاتِرَ كُلِّ مَعْيُوبٍ Sātira Kulli Maʿyūb Concealer of Every Blemished Thing
100 مَلْجَأَ كُلِّ مَطْرُودٍ Maljaʾa Kulli Maṭrūd Shelter for Every Exile
Names 101 to 200
No. Arabic Transliteration English translation
101 عُدَّتِي عِنْدَ شِدَّتِي ʿUddatī ʿinda Shiddatī Provider in My Hardship
102 رَجَائِي عِنْدَ مُصِيبَتِي Rajāʾī ʿinda Muṣībatī Hope in My Misfortune
103 مُؤْنِسِي عِنْدَ وَحْشَتِي Muʾnisī ʿinda Waḥshatī Companion in My Isolation
104 صَاحِبِي عِنْدَ غُرْبَتِي Ṣāḥibī ʿinda Ghurbatī Companion in My Journey
105 وَلِيِّي عِنْدَ نِعْمَتِي Waliyyī ʿinda Niʿmatī Friend in My Ease
106 غِيَاثِي عِنْدَ كُرْبَتِي Ghiyāthī ʿinda Kurbatī Rescuer From My Trials
107 دَلِيلِي عِنْدَ حَيْرَتِي Dalīlī ʿinda Ḥayratī Guide in My Perplexity
108 غِنَائِي عِنْدَ افْتِقَارِي Ghināʾī ʿindaʼftiqārī Resource in My Neediness
109 مَلْجَئِي عِنْدَ اضْطِرَارِي Maljaʾī ʿindaʼḍṭirārī Shelter in My Helplessness
110 مُعِينِي عِنْدَ مَفْزَعِي Muʿīnī ʿinda Mafzaʿī Deliverer From My Fears
111 عَلاَّمَ الْغُيُوبِ ʿAllāmaʼl-Ghuyūb Knower of the Unseen
112 غَفَّارَ الذُّنُوبِ Ghaffāraʼḏ-Ḏunūb Forgiver of Wrongdoings
113 سَتَّارَ الْعُيُوبِ Sattāraʼl-ʿUyūb Concealer of Defects
114 كَاشِفَ الْكُرُوبِ Kāshifaʼl-Kurūb Expeller of Pain
115 مُقَلِّبَ الْقُلُوبِ Muqallibaʼl-Qulūb Changer of the Hearts
116 طَبِيبَ الْقُلُوبِ Ṭabībaʼl-Qulūb Physician of the Hearts
117 مُنَوِّرَ الْقُلُوبِ Munawwiraʼl-Qulūb Illuminator of the Hearts
118 أَنِيسَ الْقُلُوبِ ʾAnīsaʼl-Qulūb Intimate of the Hearts
119 مُفَرِّجَ الْهُمُومِ Mufarrijaʼl-Humūm Eliminator of Anxiety
120 مُنَفِّسَ الْغُمُومِ Munaffisaʼl-Ghumūm Liberator From Grief
121 جَلِيلُ Jalīl Glorious
122 جَمِيلُ Jamīl Virtuous
123 وَكِيلُ Wakīl Protector
124 كَفِيلُ Kafīl Patron
125 دَلِيلُ Dalīl Guide
126 قَبِيلُ Qabīl Guarantor
127 مُدِيلُ Mudīl Bestower of Wealth
128 مُنِيلُ Munīl Bestower of Blessings
129 مُقِيلُ Muqīl Bestower of Strength
130 مُحِيلُ Muḥīl Acceptor of Repentance
131 دَلِيلَ الْمُتَحَيِّرِينَ Dalīlaʼl-Mutaḥayyirīn Guide of the Waylaid
132 غِيَاثَ الْمُسْتَغِيثِينَ Ghiyāthaʼl-Mustaghīthīn Rescuer of Those Who Appeal
133 صَرِيخَ الْمُسْتَصْرِخِينَ Ṣarīkhaʼl-Mustaṣrikhīn Helper of Those Who Call
134 جَارَ الْمُسْتَجِيرِينَ Jāraʼl-Mustajīrīn Aider of Those Who Call
135 أَمَانَ الْخَائِفِينَ ʾAmānaʼl-Khāʾifīn Shelter of the Fearful
136 عَوْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ʿAwnaʼl-Muʾminīn Succourer of the Faithful
137 رَاحِمَ الْمَسَاكِينَ Rāḥimaʼl-Masākīn Merciful to the Indigent
138 مَلْجَأَ الْعَاصِينَ Maljaʾaʼl-ʿĀṣīn Refuge for the Disobedient
139 غَافِرَ الْمُذْنِبِينَ Ghāfiraʼl-Muḏnibīn Forgiver of Those Who Sin
140 مُجِيبَ دَعْوَةِ الْمُضْطَرِّينَ Mujība Daʿwatiʼl-Muḍṭarrīn Responder to the Calls of Those in Need
141 ذَا الْجُودِ وَالإِحْسَانِ Ḏāʼl-Jūdi waʼl-ʾIḥsān Master of Liberality and Beneficence
142 ذَا الْفَضْلِ وَالإمْتِنَانِ Ḏāʼl-Faḍli waʼl-ʾImtinān He Who Is Gracious and Obliging
143 ذَا الأَمْنِ وَالأَمَانِ Ḏāʼl-ʾAmni waʼl-ʾAmān Master of Peace and Security
144 ذَا الْقُدْسِ وَالسُّبْحَانِ Ḏāʼl-Qudsi waʼs-Subḥān He Who Is Holy and Exalted
145 ذَا الْحِكْمَةِ وَالْبَيَانِ Ḏāʼl-Ḥikmati waʼl-Bayān Master of Wisdom and Manifestation
146 ذَا الرَّحْمَةِ وَالرِّضْوَانِ Ḏāʼr-Raḥmati waʼr-Riḍwān Master of Mercy and Satisfaction
147 ذَا الْحُجَّةِ وَالْبُرْهَانِ Ḏāʼl-Ḥujjati waʼl-Burhān Master of Argument and Proof
148 ذَا الْعَظَمَةِ وَالسُّلْطَانِ Ḏāʼl-ʿAẓamati waʼs-Sulṭān Master of Grandeur and Sovereignty
149 ذَا الرَّأْفَةِ وَالْمُسْتَعَانِ Ḏāʼr-Raʾfati waʼl-Mustaʿān Master of Kindness and Aid
150 ذَا الْعَفْوِ وَالْغُفْرَانِ Ḏāʼl-ʿAfwi waʼl-Ghufrān Master of Pardon and Forgiveness
151 مَنْ هُوَ رَبُّ كُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa Rabbu Kulli Shayʾ He Who Is the Lord Over All Things
152 مَنْ هُوَ إِلَهُ كُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa ʾIlāhu Kulli Shayʾ He Who Is the God of All Things
153 مَنْ هُوَ خَاِلقُ كُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa Khāliqu Kulli Shayʾ He Who Is the Creator of All Things
154 مَنْ هُوَ صَانِعُ كُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa Ṣāniʿu Kulli Shayʾ He Who Is the Fashioner of All Things
155 مَنْ هُوَ قَبْلَ كُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa Qabla Kulli Shayʾ He Who Is the Predecessor of All Things
156 مَنْ هُوَ بَعْدَ كُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa Baʿda Kulli Shayʾ He Who Is the Successor of All Things
157 مَنْ هُوَ فَوْقَ كُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa Fawqa Kulli Shayʾ He Who Is Above All Things
158 مَنْ هُوَ عَاِلمٌ بِكُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa ʿĀlimun Bikulli Shayʾ He Who Is Knowledged on All Things
159 مَنْ هُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa Qādirun ʿalā Kulli Shayʾ He Who Is Powerful Over All Things
160 مَنْ هُوَ يَبْقَى وَيَفْنَى كُلُّ شَيٍْء Man Huwa Yabqā wa Yafnā Kullu
Shayʾ
He Who Is the Sustainer and Extinguisher of All Things
161 مُؤْمِنُ Muʾmin Securer
162 مُهَيْمِنُ Muhaymin Protector
163 مُكَوِّنُ Mukawwin Bestower of Being
164 مُلَقِّنُ Mulaqqin Bestower of Knowledge
165 مُبَيِّنُ Mubayyin Manifester
166 مُهَوِّنُ Muhawwin Facilitator
167 مُمَكِّنُ Mumakkin Provider of Place
168 مُزَيِّنُ Muzayyin Adorner
169 مُعْلِنُ Muʿlin Proclaimer
170 مُقْسِّمُ Muqsim Distributor
171 مَنْ هُوَ فِي مُلْكِهِ مُقِيمٌ Man Huwa fī Mulkihi Muqīm He Who Is Everlasting in His Kingdom
172 مَنْ هُوَ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ قَدِيمٌ Man Huwa fī Sulṭānihi Qadīm He Who Is Eternal in His Sovereignty
173 مَنْ هُوَ فِي جَلاَلِهِ عَظِيمٌ Man Huwa fī Jalālihi ʿAẓīm He Who Is Greatest in His Grandeur
174 مَنْ هُوَ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ رَحِيمٌ Man Huwa ʿalā ʿIbādihi Raḥīm He Who Is Merciful to His Servants
175 مَنْ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيٍْء عَلِيمٌ Man Huwa Bikulli Shayʾin ʿAlīm He Who Is Aware of Everything
176 مَنْ هُوَ بِمَنْ عَصَاهُ حَلِيمٌ Man Huwa Biman ʿAṣāhu Ḥalīm He Who Is Forbearing Towards the Disobedient
177 مَنْ هُوَ بِمَن رَّجَاهُ كَرِيمٌ Man Huwa Biman Rrajāhu Karīm He Who Is Generous to the Beseechers
178 مَنْ هُوَ فِي صُنْعِهِ حَكِيمٌ Man Huwa fī Ṣunʿihi Ḥakīm He Who Is Wise Over What He Has Fashioned
179 مَنْ هُوَ فِي حِكْمَتِهِ لَطِيفٌ Man Huwa fī Ḥikmatihi Laṭīf He Who Is Subtle in His Wisdom
180 مَنْ هُوَ فِي لُطْفِهِ قَدِيمٌ Man Huwa fī Luṭfihi Qadīm He Who Is Eternal in His Kindness
181 مَن لا يُرْجَى إِلاَّ فَضْلُهُ Man Llā Yurjā ʾIllā Faḍluh He From Whom Nothing Is Expected but His Favor
182 مَن لا يُسْأَلُ إِلاَّ عَفْوُهُ Man Llā Yusʾalu ʾIllā ʿAfwuh He From Whom Nothing Is Asked but His Pardon
183 مَن لا يُنْظَرُ إِلاَّ بِرُّهُ Man Llā Yunẓaru ʾIllā Birruh He From Whom Nothing Comes Out but His Goodness
184 مَن لا يُخَافُ إِلاَّ عَدْلُهُ Man Llā Yukhāfu ʾIllā ʿAdluh He Who Is Not Feared but for His Justice
185 مَن لا يَدُومُ إِلاَّ مُلْكُهُ Man Llā Yadūmu ʾIllā Mulkuh He Except Whose No Kingdom Is Eternal
186 مَن لا سُلْطَانَ إِلاَّ سُلْطَانُهُ Man Llā Sulṭāna ʾIllā Sulṭānuh He Except Whose No Sovereignty Is Prevailing
187 مَن وَّسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيٍْء رَّحْمَتُهُ Man Wwasiʿat Kulla Shayʾin
Rraḥmatuh
He Whose Mercy Encompasses Everything
188 مَنْ سَبَقَتْ رَحْمَتُهُ غَضَبَهُ Man Sabaqat Raḥmatuhu
Ghaḍabah
He Whose Mercy Surpasses His Wrath
189 مَنْ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَيٍْء عِلْمُهُ Man ʾAḥāṭa Bikulli Shayʾin ʿIlmuh He Whose Knowledge Encompasses Everything
190 مَن لَّيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِّثْلَهُ Man Llaysa ʾAḥadun Mithlah He Who Has No Equal
191 فَارِجَ الْهَمِّ Fārijaʼl-Ham Remover of Anxiety
192 كَاشِفَ الْغَمِّ Kāshifaʼl-Gham Dispeller of Sorrow
193 غَافِرَ الذَّنْبِ Ghāfiraʼḏ-Ḏanb Forgiver of Wrongdoings
194 قَابِلَ التَّوْبِ Qābilaʼt-Tawb Acceptor of Repentance
195 خَاِلقَ الْخَلْقِ Khāliqaʼl-Khalq Creator of Creations
196 صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ Ṣādiqaʼl-Waʿd Truthful in Promises
197 مُوفِي الْعَهْدِ Mūfiyaʼl-ʿAhd Accomplisher of Covenants
198 عَالِمَ السِّرِّ ʿĀlimaʼs-Sir Knower of Secrets
199 فَاِلقَ الْحَبِّ Fāliqaʼl-Ḥab Splitter of Seed
200 رَازِقَ الأَنَامِ Rāziqaʼl-ʾAnām Provider for Creatures

Descriptions[edit]

Sunni and Shiite scholars have written commentaries on the prayer of Jowshan Kabir. The most famous commentary is the commentary of Mullah Hadi Sabzevari. This description is partly mystical and philosophical . Sabzevari has testified to Persian and Arabic poems based on prayer verses and has referred to Firoozabadi's dictionary of lexicon for lexical issues. He has also raised philosophical, mystical, and theological issues on a variety of occasions[5]

Recitation[edit]

Muslims often read the Jawshan kabir in Laylat al-Qadr in Ramadan but some Hadiths recommend reading it at the beginning of Ramadan.[2] Imam Ali said to his son, Husayn ibn Ali, to memorize and write this supplication on his kafan (burial shroud).[2] Also, there are several hadiths from the prophet Muhammad that state that whoever recites this prayer will receive rewards in the world and Akhirah. Abbas Qumi wrote the prayer in his book Mafatih al-Janan.[1][2]

Writing[edit]

According to the book of Urwath al-Wutha of Mohammed Kazem Yazdi, writing Dua Jawshan Kabir (as well as writing the whole of Quran and Du'a Jawshan Sagheer) on the shroud is deemed as a Mustahabb practice;[6] it has also been mentioned through Husayn ibn Ali that it is permissible to write Jawshan Kabir and Jawshan Sagheer on the shroud, but, in order not to be Najis, it is better not to write on the parallel or lower of Awrah.[7]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Said Nursi (21 April 2014). al-Jawashan al-Kabir. Işık Yayıncılık Ticaret. ISBN 978-1-59784-642-4.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Importance of Joshnkabir" (PDF). Duas.org.
  3. ^ Ali Kose; Hakan Yesilova (2006). Al-Jawshan Al-Kabir. Tughra Books. ISBN 978-1-932099-98-0.
  4. ^ Kamalkhani (28 October 2013). Womens Islam. Routledge. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-1-136-17379-0.
  5. ^ Sabzevari, Sharh al-Asma ', 1375, p. 33.
  6. ^ Yazdi, Urwat al-Wuthqa, Vol. 2, P.76
  7. ^ Lawame' Sahebqerani, Vol. 2, P.230

External links[edit]

  1. Read and Download PDF