List of extinct languages of Asia

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This is a list of extinct languages of Asia, languages which have undergone language death, have no native speakers, and no spoken descendant.

There are 114 languages listed. 8 from Central Asia, 21 from East Asia, 14 from South Asia, 26 from Southeast Asia, 9 from Siberia and 36 from West Asia.

List[edit]

This is an incomplete list. You can help by adding missing items, correcting wrong information and adding reliable sources. (March 2024)

Central Asia[edit]

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Avestan Indo-European [data missing] Avestan people Central Asia
Bactrian Indo-European 1000s AD[1] Bactrians Bactria
Chagatai Turkic [data missing] Central Asia Chagatai
Cuman Turkic 1770s AD[2] Cumania Cumans
Fergana Kipchak Turkic 1920s AD[3] Fergana Kipchak-speakers Fergana Valley
Hunnic Unclassified [data missing] Huns East of the Volga and Central Asia
Karakhanid Turkic [data missing] Karakhanids Kara-Khanid Khanate
Khazar Turkic [data missing] Khazars Khazar Khaganate
Khorezmian Turkic 1300s AD[4] Khorezmian speakers Golden Horde and Chagatai Khanate
Khwarezmian Indo-European 1000s AD[5] Khwarezmians Khwarazm
Old Uyghur Turkic 1300s AD[6] Uyghurs in Turfan and Qomul Mongolia, Hami, Turpan and Gansu
Orkhon Turkic Turkic 1200s AD[7] Göktürks Central Asia and East Asia
Sogdian Indo-European [data missing] Sogdians Sogdia
Xiongnu Yeniseian [data missing] Xiongnu Xiongnu Empire

East Asia[edit]

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Babuza Austronesian [data missing] Babuza and Taokas western coast of Taiwan
Baekje Koreanic 600s AD[8] Baekje Baekje
Basay Austronesian [data missing] Qauqaut and Basay Northern Taiwan
Ba-Shu Sino-Tibetan [data missing] Ba–Shu Sichuan Basin
Buyeo unclassified [data missing] Yemaek Manchuria
Di Turkic [data missing] Di western China
Favorlang Austronesian [data missing] Babuza Taiwan
Gaya Koreanic [data missing] Kara tribal confederation Gaya confederacy
Khitan Para-Mongolic? 1125 AD[9] Khitan people northeastern China, southeastern Mongolia and eastern Siberia
Kulon Austronesian [data missing] Kulon speakers Taiwan
Jie either Yeniseian or Turkic [data missing] Jie people Northern China
Luilang Austronesian [data missing] Ketagalan Banqiao District
Old Yue unclassified [data missing] Nanyue Southern China
Papora-Hoanya Austronesian [data missing] Papora and Hoanya Taiwan
Rouran Unclassified [data missing] The Rouran Mongolia and Northern China
Saka Indo-European [data missing] Saka Tarim Basin
Tangut Sino-Tibetan [data missing] Tangut Tarim Basin
Tocharian Sino-Tibetan [data missing] Tocharians Western Xia
Xianbei Para-Mongolic? [data missing] Xianbei Xianbei state
Zhang-Zhung Sino-Tibetan [data missing] Zhangzhung people western Tibet

South Asia[edit]

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Ahom Kra–Dai [data missing] Ahom Assam
Aka-Bea Andamanese [data missing] Bea western Andaman Strait and the northern and western coast of South Andaman
Aka-Bo Andamanese February 2010[10] Bo west central coast of the North Andaman and on the North Reef Island
Aka-Cari Andamanese April 4, 2020[11] Cari north coast of North Andaman and on Landfall
Aka-Kede Andamanese [data missing] Kol Southeast Middle Andaman
Aka-Kol Andamanese [data missing] Aka-Kede Northern section of Middle Andaman
Aka-Kora Andamanese 2004[12] Kora northeast and north central coasts of North Andaman and Smith Island
Akar-Bale Andamanese [data missing] Bale Ritchie's Archipelago, Havelock island and Neil Island
Cochin Portuguese creole Portuguese Creole 20 August 2010[13] Cochin Portuguese Creole speakers Kochi
Dura Sino-Tibetan August 2008[14] Dura Nepal
Jangil Andamanese 1905[15] Jangil Rutland Island
Lubanki Indo-European [data missing] Labana Punjab
Moran Sino-Tibetan [data missing] Morans Assam
Oko-Juwoi Andamanese [data missing] Juwoi west central and southwest interior of Middle Andaman

Southeast Asia[edit]

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Dicamay Agta Austronesian [data missing] Aeta Luzon
Hoti Austronesian [data missing] Hoti speakers Maluku Islands
Hukumina Austronesian [data missing] Hukumina speakers northwest Buru
Kamarian Austronesian [data missing] Kamarian language west Seram Island
Katabaga Austronesian [data missing] Agta Bondoc Peninsula
Kayeli Austronesian [data missing] Kayeli people Buru
Kenaboi unclassified [data missing] Kenaboi Negeri Sembilan
Lelak Austronesian [data missing] Lelak people Sarawak
Moksela unclassified [data missing] Moksela people Sula Islands
Nila Austronesian [data missing] Nila speakers Nila Island and Seram Island
Portugis Portuguese Creole [data missing] Christians of mixed Portuguese and Malay ancestry Indonesia
Pyu Sino-Tibetan 1100s AD[16] Pyu people Myanmar
Sabüm Austroasiatic [data missing] Malaysians Malaysia
Seru Austronesian [data missing] Seru speaking people Sarawak
Serua Austronesian [data missing] Seruans Seram Island
Tambora Papuan [data missing] Tombarans Sumbawa
Tandia Austronesian [data missing] Tandia speakers West Papua
Wila' Austroasiatic [data missing] Wila' speaking people Malaysia

Siberia[edit]

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Arin Yeniseian 1700s AD[17] Ara Yenisey between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk
Kamassian Uralic 1989 AD[18] Kamasins north of the Sayan Mountains
Kott Yeniseian 1800s AD[19] Kott speakers Mana
Mator Uralic 1840 AD[20] Koibal Sayan Mountains
Pumpokol Yeniseian [data missing] Pumpokol speakers Yenisey
Sireniki Eskaleut 1997 AD[21] Sirenik Eskimos Bering Strait region
Yugh Yeniseian 1900s AD[22] Yug Yenisey
Yurats Uralic [data missing] Yurats West of the Yenisey

West Asia[edit]

Language/dialect Family Date of extinction Ethnic Group(s) Native to
Aghwan Northwest Caucasian [data missing] Caucasian Albanians Caucasian Albania
Akkadian Afro-Asiatic 100s AD[23] Akkadians Mesopotamia
Ammonite Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Ammonites northwestern Jordan
Amorite Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Amorites Levant
Armazic Afro-Asiatic 100s AD[24] Aramaic Caucasians South Caucasus
Azari Indo-European [data missing] People of Azarbaijan Iranian Azerbaijan
Carian Indo-European 200s BC[25] Carians Caria
Deilami Indo-European [data missing] Daylamites South Caspian Sea
Eblaite Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Eblabites Ebla
Edomite Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Edomites southwest Jordan and southern Israel
Elamite language isolate 700s BC[26] Elamites Elam
Galatian Indo-European 500s AD[27] Galatians Galatia
Gutian unclassified [data missing] Guti Zagros Mountains?
Hadramautic Afro-Asiatic 600s AD[28] Hadramites Yemen, Oman and Saudi Arabia
Hattian unclassified [data missing] Hattians Anatolia
Himyarite Afro-Asiatic [data missing] The Himyarite tribal confederacy Yemen
Hittite Indo-European 1180s BC[29] Hittites Anatolia
Hurrian Hurro-Urartian 1st millennium BC[30] Hurrians Mittani
Isaurian Indo-European [data missing] Isaurians Isauria
Kalasmaic Indo-European [data missing] Luwic people Anatolia
Kassite Hurro-Urartian ? [data missing] Kassites Babylon
Luwian Indo-European [data missing] Luwians Anatolia and northern Syria
Lycaonia unclassified [data missing] Lycaonians Lycaonia
Lycian Indo-European [data missing] Lycians Lycia and Lycaonia
Lydian Indo-European [data missing] Lydians Lydia
Median Indo-European 100s AD[31] Medes Persia
Milyan Indo-European First millenium BC[32] Milyans Milyas
Minaean Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Minaeans Yemen
Minoan unclassified 1450s BC[33] Moabites Crete and Ugarit
Moabite Afro-Asiatic early half of 1st millennium BC[34] Minoans northwestern Jordan
Mysian Indo-European 0s BC[35] Mysians Mysia
Nabatean Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Nabataeans Levant, Sinai Peninsula and northwest Arabia
Old Anatolian Turkish Turkic [data missing] Oghuz Turks Anatolia
Ottoman Turkish Turkic 1950s AD[36] Ottoman Turks Ottoman Empire
Palaic Indo-European [data missing] Palaic Peoples Pala
Parthian Afro-Asiatic 1000s AD[37] Parthians Persia, Armenia, Iberia and Caucasian Albania
Pisidic Indo-European 200s BC[38] Pisidians Pisidia
Philistine unclassified [data missing] Philistines Philistia
Phoenician Afro-Asiatic 1st millennium BC[39] Phoenicians Canaan and Cyprus
Phrygian Indo-European 100s AD[40] Phrygians Central Anatolia
Qatabanian Afro-Asiatic 600s AD[41] People of Qataban Yemen
Sabaean Afro-Asiatic [data missing] Sabaeans Yemen
Samalian Afro-Asiatic [data missing] People of Samʾal Samʾal
Sidetic Indo-European 200s BC[42] People of Side Side
Sumerian language isolate 0s AD[43] Sumerians Sumer and Akkad
Ugaritic Afro-Asiatic 1300s BC[44] People of Ugarit Levant
Ubykh Northwest Caucasian 7 October 1992 AD[45] Ubykh Ubykhia
Urartian Hurro-Urartian 1300 BC[46] Urartian Urartu

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Bactrian". Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  2. ^ Melnyk, Mykola (2022). Byzantium and the Pechenegs.
  3. ^ "mutual-intelligibility-among-the-turkic.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-04-07. This lect is the descendant of the Fergana Kipchak language that went extinct in the late 1920's.
  4. ^ "Khorezmian". Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  5. ^ "Chorasmian". Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  6. ^ "Old Uighur". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  7. ^ "Old Turkish". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  8. ^ "Paekche". Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  9. ^ "Kitan". Archived from the original on 2 June 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-08.
  10. ^ "Language lost as last member of Andaman tribe dies". The Daily Telegraph. 5 February 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  11. ^ "Remembering Licho, the Last Speaker of the Sare Language". Terralingua. April 30, 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  12. ^ "The Hindu". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  13. ^ "The Death of an Indian-born Language". Open Magazine. 28 October 2010. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  14. ^ "The last of Nepal's Dura speakers". BBC. January 15, 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  15. ^ "The Andamanese". Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  16. ^ "Pyu". Archived from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  17. ^ "Arin". Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  18. ^ "Dying Languages". Dzen. February 9, 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  19. ^ "Kott". Archived from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  20. ^ "Mator". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  21. ^ "Sirenik". Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  22. ^ "Yug". Archived from the original on 12 March 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  23. ^ "Neo-Assyrian". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  24. ^ "Armazic". Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 2024-04-16. 1st-2nd centuries AD.
  25. ^ "Carian". Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  26. ^ "Elamite". Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  27. ^ "Galatian". Archived from the original on 7 November 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  28. ^ "Hadramitic". Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  29. ^ "Hittite". Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  30. ^ "Hurrian". Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  31. ^ "Median". Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  32. ^ "Milyan". Archived from the original on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  33. ^ "Minoan". Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  34. ^ "Moabite". Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  35. ^ "Mysian". Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  36. ^ "Turkey – Language Reform: From Ottoman To Turkish". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  37. ^ "Parthian". Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  38. ^ "Pisidian". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  39. ^ "Phoenician". Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  40. ^ "Neo-Phrygian". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  41. ^ "Qatabanic". Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  42. ^ "Sidetic". Archived from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
  43. ^ "Sumerian". Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  44. ^ "Ugaritic". Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  45. ^ Koerner, E. F. K. (1 January 1998). First Person Singular III: Autobiographies by North American Scholars in the Language Sciences. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-272-4576-2.
  46. ^ "Urartean". Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
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