List of female nominators for the Nobel Prize

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The Nobel Prize medal received by the laureates

The Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) is a set of five different prizes that, according to its benefactor Alfred Nobel in his 1895 will, must be awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". The five prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.[1]

Since 1901, numerous nominators have forwarded their nominations of distinguished individuals or organizations for the prize, and most of these nominators were women.[2] The following is a list of the female nominators for the prestigious Nobel Prize:

Physics[edit]

The Nobel Committee for Physics sends confidential forms to persons who are competent and qualified to nominate.[3] According to the nomination process, the individuals are considered the qualified nominators for the physics prize:[3]

  • 1. Swedish and foreign members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences;
  • 2. Members of the Nobel Committee for Physics;
  • 3. Nobel Prize laureates in physics;
  • 4. Tenured professors in the Physical sciences at the universities and institutes of technology of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm;
  • 5. Holders of corresponding chairs in at least six universities or university colleges (normally, hundreds of universities) selected by the Academy of Sciences with a view to ensuring the appropriate distribution over the different countries and their seats of learning; and
  • 6. Other scientists from whom the Academy may see fit to invite proposals.
Image Nominator Born Died Nominees Year(s) Nominated
Physics
Marie Skłodowska-Curie[4] 7 November 1867
Warsaw, Poland
4 July 1934
Passy, Haute-Savoie, France
Joseph John Thompson (1856–1940) 1905
Henri Poincaré (1854–1912) 1910
Hertha Sponer[5] 1 September 1895
Nysa, Poland
27 February 1968
Sehnde, Germany
Samuel Goudsmit (1902–1978) 1956
George Uhlenbeck (1900–1988)
Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat[6] 5 March 1912
Charolles, France
3 December 1980
Paris, France
Louis Néel (1904–2000) 1960
Alfred Kastler (1902–1984) 1965
Anne Barbara Underhill[7] 12 June 1920
Vancouver, Canada
3 July 2003
Vancouver, Canada
Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst (1918–2000) 1964
Katharina Boll-Dornberger[8] 2 November 1909
Vienna, Austria
27 July 1981
Berlin, Germany
John Desmond Bernal (1901–1971) 1966
Maria Goeppert Mayer[9] 28 June 1906
Katowice, Poland
20 February 1972
San Diego, California, United States
Bernd Theodor Matthias (1918–1980) 1966, 1967, 1970
Eleanor Margaret Burbidge[10] 12 August 1919
Davenport, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
5 April 2020
San Francisco, California, United States
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995) 1970
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin[11] 12 May 1910
Cairo, Egypt
29 July 1994
Ilmington, United Kingdom
Paul Peter Ewald (1888–1985) 1970

Chemistry[edit]

For the chemistry prize, the following individuals are considered as qualified nominators:[12]

  • 1. Swedish and foreign members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences;
  • 2. Members of the Nobel Committees for Chemistry and Physics;
  • 3. Nobel Prize laureates in chemistry and physics;
  • 4. Permanent professors in the sciences of Chemistry at the universities and institutes of technology of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm;
  • 5. Holders of corresponding chairs in at least six universities or university colleges selected by the Academy of Sciences with a view to ensuring the appropriate distribution over the different countries and their centers of learning; and
  • 6. Other scientists from whom the Academy may see fit to invite proposals.
Image Nominator Born Died Nominees Year(s) Nominated
Chemistry
Marie Reimer[13] 9 May 1867
United States
24 February 1947
United States
Moses Gomberg (1866–1947) 1928
Vincent du Vigneaud (1901–1978) 1945
Irène Joliot-Curie[14] 12 September 1897
Paris, France
17 March 1956
Paris, France
George de Hevesy (1885–1966) 1936
Georges Urbain (1872–1938)
Jacques Tréfouël (1897–1977) 1944, 1946
Linus Pauling (1901–1994) 1954
Anna Chrząszczewska[15] Poland Poland Wojciech Świętosławski (1881–1968) 1936
Pauline Ramart-Lucas[16] 22 November 1880
Paris, France
17 March 1953
Paris, France
Ernest Fourneau (1872–1949) 1940
Jacques Tréfouël (1897–1977) 1940, 1946, 1950
Gabriel Bertrand (1867–1962) 1948
Thérèse Tréfouël (1892–1978) 1950
Gladwyn Buttle (1899–1983) 1950
Clara Benson[17] 5 June 1875
Port Hope, Ontario, Canada
24 March 1964
Port Hope, Ontario, Canada
Donald Van Slyke (1883–1971) 1941
Robley Cook Williams (1908–1995) 1945
Germaine Cauquil[18] 1 November 1897
Montpellier, France
30 January 1983
Montpellier, France
Ernest Fourneau (1872–1949) 1949
Maurice-Marie Janot (1903–1978) 1957
Maria Mercedes de Menarfa[19] Uruguay Uruguay Domingo Giribaldo (1876–1950) 1949
Marguerite Perey[20] 19 October 1909
Villemomble, France
13 May 1975
Louveciennes, France
Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1912–1999) 1951
Charles DuBois Coryell (1912–1971) 1957
Gerty Theresa Radnitz-Cori[21] 15 August 1896
Prague, Czech Republic
26 October 1957
Glendale, Missouri, United States
Frederick Sanger (1918–2013) 1954
Vincent du Vigneaud (1901–1978)
Salli Eskola[22] 12 May 1906
Lammi, Finland
11 October 1994
Helsinki, Finland
Johan Arvid Hedvall (1888–1974) 1956
Karl Freudenberg (1886–1983) 1957
Robert Burns Woodward (1917–1979) 1960, 1962, 1963
Irena Chmielewska[23] 13 July 1905
Łódź, Poland
17 January 1987
Warsaw, Poland
Melvin Calvin (1911–1997) 1957
Antonia Elisabeth Korvezee[24] 8 March 1899
Wijnaldum, Netherlands
17 January 1978
The Hague, Netherlands
Wilhelm Gerhard Burgers (1897–1988) 1960
Carolina Henriette MacGillavry[25] 22 January 1904
Amsterdam, Netherlands
9 May 1993
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Johannes Martin Bijvoet (1892–1980) 1961, 1966
Maria Lipp[26] 6 April 1892
Stolberg, Germany
12 December 1966
Aachen, Germany
Karl Ziegler (1898–1973) 1961
Eva Philbin[27] 4 January 1914
Ballina, County Mayo, Ireland
24 June 2005
Dublin, Ireland
Christopher Kelk Ingold (1893–1970) 1964
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin[11] 12 May 1910
Cairo, Egypt
29 July 1994
Ilmington, United Kingdom
Johannes Martin Bijvoet (1892–1980) 1966, 1970
Maria Goeppert Mayer[9] 28 June 1906
Katowice, Poland
20 February 1972
San Diego, California, United States
Lars Onsager (1903–1976) 1966, 1967
Martin Kamen (1913–2002) 1970
Erika Cremer[28] 20 May 1900
Munich, Germany
21 September 1996
Innsbruck, Austria
Erwin Wilhelm Müller (1911–1977) 1967
Ivan Stranski (1897–1979)
Klaus Biemann (1926–2016) 1970
Inga Fischer-Hjalmars[29] 16 January 1918
Stockholm, Sweden
17 September 2008
Lidingö, Sweden
Gerhard Herzberg (1904–1999) 1970

Physiology or Medicine[edit]

For the physiology or medicine prize, the following individuals are entitled to nominate:[30]

  • 1. Members of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm;
  • 2. Swedish and foreign members of the Medicine and Biology classes of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences;
  • 3. Nobel Prize laureates in physiology or medicine and chemistry;
  • 4. Members of the Nobel Committee not qualified in the first paragraph;
  • 5. Holders of established posts as full professors at the faculties of medicine in Sweden and holders of similar posts at the faculties of medicine or similar institutions in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway;
  • 6. Holders of similar posts at no fewer than six other faculties of medicine at universities around the world, selected by the Nobel Assembly, with a view to ensuring the appropriate distribution of the task among various countries.
  • 7. Scientists whom the Nobel Assembly may otherwise see fit to approach.
Image Nominator Born Died Nominees Citation Year(s) Nominated
Physiology or Medicine
Florence Rena Sabin 9 November 1871
Central City, Colorado, United States
3 October 1953
Denver, Colorado, United States
Jacques Loeb (1859–1924) "for the work Proteins and the theory of colloidal behavior.[31] 1924
Oswald Avery (1877–1955) "for his chemo-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate proteins."[32] 1932, 1939
Michael Heidelberger (1888–1991) "for his work on the chemical nature and immunochemical significance of the polysaccharides in pneumococci."[33] 1939
Cécile Vogt-Mugnier 27 March 1875
Annecy, France
4 May 1962
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866–1945) "for his work on genetics, gene mutations, phenotypical divergencies, the demonstration of three coupling groups in the genes of Drosophila."[34] 1932
Hermann Joseph Muller (1890–1967) "for his work on genetics, "crossing over", lethal factors, the demonstration of a fourth coupling group in the genes of Drosophila, the effect of temperature changes and X-rays on the mutation rate."[34]
Ellen James Patterson United States United States Chevalier Jackson (1865–1958) "for his work on bronchoscopy, laryngology, esophagoscopy and gastroscopy.[35] 1935
Anne Bourquin United States United States Hans Christian Hagedorn (1888–1971) "for his work on and discovery of protamine insulinate."[36] 1937
Gladys Marchant India United Kingdom William Burridge (?) "for his work on natural stimulation and excitability."[37] 1937
Leslie Webster United States United States John Howard Northrop (1891–1987) "for the purification, crystallization and method of action of pepsin and trypsin; purification of their pro-enzymes."[38] 1939
James Batcheller Sumner (1887–1955) "for the purification and crystallization of the enzyme urease and the study of its action."[38]
Esther Killick 3 May 1902
Ilford, United Kingdom
31 May 1960
London, United Kingdom
John Boyd Orr (1880–1971) "for his work on nutritional physiology, and the importance of the application of these findings to human health and nutrition."[39] 1947
Meredith Fairfax Campbell 1894
United States
1968
United States
Homer William Smith (1895–1962) "for the new concepts of kidney physiology: quantitative methods for measuring glomerular filtration rate and maximal tubular excretory and re-absorptive capacities."[40] 1948
Gerty Theresa Radnitz-Cori 15 August 1896
Prague, Czech Republic
26 October 1957
Glendale, Missouri, United States
Hans Adolf Krebs (1900–1981) "for the discovery of the mechanism of urea formation in mammals, oxidative decomposition of d-amino acids and carbohydrates."[41] 1949, 1952, 1953
Chester Hamlin Werkman (1893–1962) "for the discovery of the fixation of carbon dioxide by cells which do not contain chlorophyll."[42] 1949
Harland Goff Wood (1907–1991)
Fritz Albert Lipmann (1899–1986) "for his discovery of the role of phosphate-linked energy in biological synthesis and the role of panthotenic acid as a coenzyme."[43] 1953
Olga Bridgman 30 March 1886
Jackson, Michigan, United States
6 February 1974
San Mateo, California, United States
Karl Friedrich Meyer (1884–1974) "for his work on brucellosis, coccidioidomycosis, encephalitis, and botulismus."[44] 1950
Hanna Hirszfeldowa 17 July 1884
Wrocław, Poland
20 February 1964
Wrocław, Poland
Robert Debré (1882–1978) [45] 1953

Literature[edit]

The Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy sends invitation letters to persons who are qualified to nominate for the Nobel Prize in Literature. The following individuals are eligible forwarding nominations:[46]

Image Nominator Born Died Nominees Year(s) Nominated
Literature
Mary Augusta Ward[47][48] 11 June 1851
Hobart, Australia
24 March 1920
London, United Kingdom
George Meredith (1828–1909) 1902, 1907
Alice Stopford Green[49] 30 May 1847
Kells, County Meath, Ireland
28 May 1929
Dublin, Ireland
John Morley (1838–1923) 1902
Caroline Borden[50] United States United States Borden Parker Bowne (1847–1910) 1906
Edith Nesbith-Bland[51] 15 August 1858
Kennington, Surrey, United Kingdom
4 May 1924
New Romney, Kent, United Kingdom
Andrew Lang (1844–1912) 1910
Selma Lagerlöf[52] 20 November 1858
Sunne, Sweden
16 March 1940
Sunne, Sweden
Georg Brandes (1842–1927) 1920, 1922
Edith Morley[53] 13 September 1875
Bayswater, London, United Kingdom
18 January 1964
Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) 1920
Helga Eng[54] 31 May 1875
Rakkestad, Norway
26 May 1966
Oslo, Norway
Sigrid Undset (1882–1949) 1928
Olav Duun (1876–1939) 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934,
1935, 1936, 1937
Sofia Antoniadou[55] Greece Greece Kostis Palamas (1859–1943) 1936
Pearl Sydenstricker Buck[56] 26 June 1892
Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States
6 March 1973
Danby, Vermont, United States
Lin Yutang (1895–1976) 1940, 1950
Van Wyck Brooks (1886–1963) 1952
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (1886–1965) 1958
Robert Frost (1874–1963) 1961
Eugenia Kielland[57] 23 April 1878
Skedsmo, Norway
7 April 1969
Oslo, Norway
Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) 1945
Elin Wägner[58] 16 May 1882
Lund, Sweden
7 January 1949
Växjö, Sweden
Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) 1945
Angelos Sikelianos (1884–1951) 1948
Greta Hedin[59] 21 March 1889
Gothenburg, Sweden
14 June 1949
Uppsala, Sweden
Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) 1945
Louise Rosenblatt[60] 23 August 1904
Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
8 February 2005
Arlington County, Virginia, United States
Horace Kallen (1882–1974) 1947
Sigrid Undset[61] 20 May 1882
Kalundborg, Norway
10 June 1949
Lillehammer, Norway
Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) 1948
Gabriela Mistral[62] 7 April 1889
Vicuña, Chile
10 January 1957
Hempstead, New York, United States
Alfonso Reyes (1889–1959) 1949
Alberto Hidalgo (1897–1967) 1953
Mary Elizabeth Morton[63] 1876
Ireland
1957
Ireland
Seán O'Casey (1880–1964) 1950
Kersti Bergroth[64] 24 January 1886
Vyborg, Russia
24 January 1975
Helsinki, Finland
Albert Steffen (1884–1963) 1950
Margot Arce de Vázquez[65] 10 March 1904
Caguas, Puerto Rico
14 November 1990
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Rómulo Gallegos (1884–1969) 1951
Julia Braschi[66] Puerto Rico Puerto Rico
Asta Kihlbom[67] 21 March 1892
Mariestad, Sweden
15 January 1984
Lund, Sweden
Winston Churchill (1874–1965) 1952
Gladys Willcock[68] United States United States Edith Sitwell (1887–1964) 1955
Gladys Turquet-Milnes[69] 21 April 1887
Wandsworth, Surrey, United Kingdom
17 January 1977
London, United Kingdom
André Malraux (1901–1976) 1955
Amelia Agostini de Del Río[70] 1896
Yauco, Puerto Rico
11 December 1996
Spring Lake, New Jersey, United States
Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) 1956
María Rosa Lida de Malkiel[71] 7 November 1910
Buenos Aires, Argentina
25 September 1962
Oakland, California, United States
1956
Leonida Biancolini[72] Spain Spain 1956
Alfonsina Braun[73] 1906
Italy
1970
Italy
1956
María Concepción Zardoya[74] 14 November 1914
Valparaíso, Chile
21 April 2004
Madrid, Spain
1956
Odette Bornand[75] France France Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) 1956
Jacqueline Duchemin[76][77] 20 May 1910
Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France
19 November 1988
Labenne, Landes, France
Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) 1956
Pierre Emmanuel (1916–1984) 1966
Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906–2001) 1969
Marie-Jeanne Durry[78] 25 March 1901
Paris, France
2 June 1980
Paris, France
Marthe Bibesco (1886–1973) 1956
Anna Hyatt Huntington[79] 10 March 1876
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
4 October 1973
Redding, Connecticut, United States
Armand Godoy (1880–1964) 1956
Ingerid Dal[80] 2 August 1895
Drammen, Norway
17 February 1985
Oslo, Norway
André Schwarz-Bart (1928–2006) 1962
Elizabeth Hill[81][82] 24 October 1900
St. Petersburg, Russia
17 December 1996
London, United Kingdom
Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977) 1964, 1968
Greta Hort[83] 25 May 1903
Copenhagen, Denmark
19 August 1967
Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark
Judith Wright (1915–2000) 1964, 1965
Maria Villavecchia Bellonci[84] 30 November 1902
Rome, Italy
13 May 1986
Rome, Italy
Carlo Levi (1902–1975) 1966
Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) 1966
Giuseppe Ungaretti (1888–1970) 1969
Barbara Hardy[85] 27 June 1924
Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
12 February 2016
London, United Kingdom
Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) 1967
Wystan Hugh Auden (1907–1973) 1970, 1971
Nelly Sachs[86] 10 December 1891
Berlin, Germany
12 May 1970
Stockholm, Sweden
Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) 1967, 1968
Berta Moritz-Siebeck[87] 1912
Germany
1989
Germany
Ezra Pound (1885–1972) 1967
Mary Durack Miller[88] 20 February 1913
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
16 December 1994
Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
Judith Wright (1915–2000) 1967
Muriel Clara Bradbrook[89] 27 April 1909
Birkenhead, United Kingdom
11 June 1993
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Patrick White (1912–1990) 1968, 1970
Kristine Heltberg[90] 12 July 1924
Warsaw, Poland
7 June 2003
Copenhagen, Denmark
Jerzy Andrzejewski (1909–1983) 1969
Anna Kamenova[91] 31 December 1894
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
1 August 1982
Sofia, Bulgaria
Elisaveta Bagryana (1893–1991) 1969
Helen Louise Gardner[92] 13 February 1908
Finchley, London, United Kingdom
4 June 1986
Bicester, Cherwell, United Kingdom
Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) 1969, 1970
Beatrice Miller White[93] 20 March 1908
California, United States
15 April 1995
Santa Clara, California, United States
Robert Graves (1895–1985) 1969
Mary Renault[94] 4 September 1905
Forest Gate, Essex, United Kingdom
13 December 1983
Cape Town, South Africa
Graham Greene (1904–1991) 1970, 1971
Jara Ribnikar[95] 23 August 1912
Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
30 April 2007
Belgrade, Serbia
Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981) 1970
Saul Bellow (1915–2005) 1971
Gerd Høst-Heyerdahl[96] 28 March 1915
Oslo, Norway
1 March 2007
Oslo, Norway
Erich Kästner (1899–1974) 1970
Elie Wiesel (1928–2016) 1971
Hilde Spiel[97] 19 October 1911
Vienna, Austria
30 November 1990
Vienna, Austria
Alexander Lernet-Holenia (1897–1976) 1970
Josephine Louise Miles[98] 11 June 1911
Chicago, Illinois, United States
12 May 1985
Berkeley, California, United States
Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) 1970, 1971
Petronella Maria Boer-den Hoed[99] 6 July 1899
Leiden, Netherlands
28 January 1973
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Simon Vestdijk (1898–1971) 1970
Hesba Fay Brinsmead[100] 15 March 1922
Berambing, New South Wales, Australia
24 November 2003
Murwillumbah, New South Wales, Australia
Patrick White (1912–1990) 1970
Eeva Kilpi[101] 18 February 1928
Khiytola, Karelia, Russia
Jerzy Andrzejewski (1909–1983) 1971
Paavo Haavikko (1931–2008) 1971
Väinö Linna (1920–1992) 1971
Meta Mayne Reid[102] 1905
Woodlesford, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
1990
Crawfordsburn, County Down, United Kingdom
William Golding (1911–1993) 1971
Petronella O'Flanagan[103] Ireland Ireland Arthur Miller (1915–2005) 1971
Henry Williamson (1895–1977) 1971
Pacita Icasiano-Habana[104] Philippines 17 August 2016
Philippines
José García Villa (1908–1997) 1971

Peace[edit]

According to the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, a nomination is considered valid if it is submitted by a person or a group of people who falls within one of the following categories:[105]

Image Nominator Born Died Nominees Year(s) Nominated
Peace
Ellen Robinson[106] 14 March 1840
Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
6 March 1912
Liverpool, United Kingdom
Élie Ducommun (1833–1906) 1901
Permanent International Peace Bureau (founded in 1891) 1902, 1907
Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914) 1903, 1904, 1905
Edvard Wavrinsky (1848–1924) 1906
Bertha Sophie von Suttner[107] 9 June 1843
Prague, Czech Republic
21 June 1914
Vienna, Austria
Frédéric Passy (1822–1912) 1901
Élie Ducommun (1833–1906) 1902
Fredrik Bajer (1837–1922) 1904, 1906, 1907
Édouard Descamps (1847–1933) 1904, 1905
Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant (1852–1924) 1909
Thomas Barclay (1853–1941) 1910
Alfred Hermann Fried (1864–1921) 1911
Otto Umfrid (1857–1920) 1914
Helene Stöcker[108] 13 November 1869
Elberfeld, Wuppertal, Germany
24 February 1943
Riverside Drive, New York City, New York, United States
Emil Strauss (1866–1960) 1903
Jane Addams (1860–1935) 1925, 1930
Ludwig Quidde (1858–1941) 1925
Herbert Runham Brown (1879–1949) 1932
War Resisters' International (founded 1921) 1933
Carl von Ossietzky (1889–1938) 1935, 1936
Permanent International Peace Bureau (founded 1891) 1935
Relief Committee for Exiled Pacifists (founded 1936) 1937, 1939
Belva Ann Bennett Lockwood[109] October 24, 1830
Royalton, New York, United States
May 19, 1917
Washington, D.C., United States
Universal Peace Union (founded 1888) 1904, 1906, 1908, 1910
American Peace Society (founded 1828) 1908
Anna Zipernowsky[110] Hungary Hungary Gaston Moch (1859–1935) 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914
Alfred Hermann Fried (1864–1921) 1911
Felix Moscheles (1833–1917) 1912, 1913, 1914
International Socialist Bureau (founded 1900) 1913
Rosika Schwimmer (1877–1948) 1917
Benjamin de Jong van Beek en Donk (1881–1948) 1919
Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa[111] ca. 1860
Entre Ríos Province, Argentina
June 25, 1940
Buenos Aires, Argentina
South American Universal Peace Association 1911
Fannie Fern Andrews[112] 25 September 1867
Middleton, Nova Scotia, Canada
23 January 1950
Somerville, Massachusetts, United States
Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) 1919
Warren G. Harding (1865–1923) 1923
Norman Angell (1872–1967) 1933
Margaret Wintringham[113] 4 August 1879
Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire, United Kingdom
10 March 1955
London, United Kingdom
Jane Addams (1860–1935) 1923
Nelly Thüring[114] 21 June 1875
Vankiva, Sweden
2 January 1972
Enskede-Årsta-Vantör, Stockholm, Sweden
1923
Margaret Bondfield[115] 17 March 1873
Chard, Somerset, United Kingdom
16 June 1953
Sanderstead, South Croydon, United Kingdom
Edmund Dene Morel (1873–1924) 1924
Matilda Widegren[116] 7 August 1863
Söderköping, Sweden
2 February 1938
Stockholm, Sweden
Jane Addams (1860–1935) 1925, 1930, 1931
Carl Lindhagen (1860–1946) 1930
Henriette Wurmová[117] Czech Republic Czech Republic Edvard Beneš (1884–1948) 1927, 1938
Tomáš Masaryk (1850–1937) 1929, 1930, 1936, 1937
International Union of Associations for the League of Nations (founded 1919) 1931
Permanent International Peace Bureau (founded 1891) 1938
Anna Margarete Stegmann[118] 12 July 1871
Zürich, Switzerland
1 July 1936
Arlesheim, Switzerland
Auguste Forel (1848–1931) 1928
Augusta Rosenberg[119] 26 August 1894
Vienna, Austria
1982
Hungary
Permanent International Peace Bureau (founded 1891) 1929
Harold Harmsworth (1868–1940) 1930
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon (1857–1939) 1931
Arthur Henderson (1863–1935) 1933
Disarmament Committee of the Women's International Organizations (founded 1931) 1934
Carl von Ossietzky (1889–1938) 1936
Františka Plamínková[120] 5 February 1875
Prague, Czechia
30 June 1942
Prague, Czechia
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon (1857–1939) 1931
Elisa Petersen[121] 3 January 1876
Aarhus, Denmark
7 September 1932
Copenhagen, Denmark
1931, 1932
Caroline Playne[122] 2 May 1857
Avening, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
27 January 1948
Hampstead, London, United Kingdom
Permanent International Peace Bureau (founded 1891) 1931
Carl von Ossietzky (1889–1938) 1936
Relief Committee for Exiled Pacifists (founded 1936) 1937
Neville Chamberlain (1869–1940) 1939
Kristina Hasselgren[123] 3 October 1920
Stockholm, Sweden
3 May 2003
Stockholm, Sweden
Ishbel Hamilton-Gordon (1857–1939) 1932, 1934
Augusta Stang[124] 11 December 1869
Oslo, Norway
11 February 1944
Oslo, Norway
1932

References[edit]

  1. ^ "The Nobel Prize". www.nobelprize.org. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  2. ^ Nomination archive – Advanced search nobelprize.org
  3. ^ a b Nomination and selection of physics laureates nobelprize.org
  4. ^ Nomination archive – Marie Curie nobelprize.org
  5. ^ Nomination archive – Hertha Sponer nobelprize.org
  6. ^ Nomination archive – Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat nobelprize.org
  7. ^ Nomination archive – Anna Underhill nobelprize.org
  8. ^ Nomination archive – Katharina Boll-Dornberger nobelprize.org
  9. ^ a b Nomination archive – Maria Goeppert-Mayer nobelprize.org
  10. ^ Nomination archive – Eleanor Margaret Burbidge nobelprize.org
  11. ^ a b Nomination archive – Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin nobelprize.org
  12. ^ Nomination and selection of chemistry laureates nobelprize.org
  13. ^ Nomination archive – Marie Reimer nobelprize.org
  14. ^ Nomination archive – Irène Joliot-Curie nobelprize.org
  15. ^ Nomination archive – Anna Chrzaszczewska nobelprize.org
  16. ^ Nomination archive – Pauline Ramart-Lucas nobelprize.org
  17. ^ Nomination archive – Clara Benson nobelprize.org
  18. ^ Nomination archive – Germaine Cauquil nobelprize.org
  19. ^ Nomination archive – Maria Mercedes de Menarfa nobelprize.org
  20. ^ Nomination archive – Marguerite Perey nobelprize.org
  21. ^ Nomination archive – Gerty Cori nobelprize.org
  22. ^ Nomination archive – Salli Eskola nobelprize.org
  23. ^ Nomination archive – Irena Chmielewska nobelprize.org
  24. ^ Nomination archive – Antonia Korvezee nobelprize.org
  25. ^ Nomination archive – Carolina Henriette MacGillavry nobelprize.org
  26. ^ Nomination archive – Maria Lipp nobelprize.org
  27. ^ Nomination archive – Eva Philbin nobelprize.org
  28. ^ Nomination archive – Erika Cremer nobelprize.org
  29. ^ Nomination archive – Inga Fischer-Hjalmars nobelprize.org
  30. ^ Nomination and selection of medicine laureates nobelprize.org
  31. ^ Nomination archive – Jacques Loeb nobelprize.org
  32. ^ Nomination archive – Oswald Theodore Avery nobelprize.org
  33. ^ Nomination archive – Michael Heidelberger nobelprize.org
  34. ^ a b Nomination archive – Thomas Morgan and Hermann Muller nobelprize.org
  35. ^ Nomination archive – Chevalier Jackson nobelprize.org
  36. ^ Nomination archive – Hans Hagedorn nobelprize.org
  37. ^ Nomination archive – William Burridge nobelprize.org
  38. ^ a b Nomination archive – John Northrop and James Sumner nobelprize.org
  39. ^ Nomination archive – Esther Killick nobelprize.org
  40. ^ Nomination archive – Homer Smith nobelprize.org
  41. ^ Nomination archive – Hans Adolf Krebs nobelprize.org
  42. ^ Nomination archive – Chester Werkman and Harland Wood nobelprize.org
  43. ^ Nomination archive – Hans Adolf Krebs and Fritz Albert Lipmann nobelprize.org
  44. ^ Nomination archive – Karl Friedrich Meyer nobelprize.org
  45. ^ Nomination archive – Robert Debré nobelprize.org
  46. ^ Nomination and selection of literature laureates nobelprize.org
  47. ^ Nomination archive – Mary Ward nobelprize.org
  48. ^ Nomination archive – Mary Humphry Ward nobelprize.org
  49. ^ Nomination archive – Alice Stopford Green nobelprize.org
  50. ^ Nomination archive – Caroline Borden nobelprize.org
  51. ^ Nomination archive – Edith Nesbit Bland nobelprize.org
  52. ^ Nomination archive – Selma Lagerlöf nobelprize.org
  53. ^ Nomination archive – Edith Morley nobelprize.org
  54. ^ – Helga Eng nobelprize.org
  55. ^ Nomination archive – Sofia Antoniadou nobelprize.org
  56. ^ Nomination archive – Pearl Buck (Walsh) nobelprize.org
  57. ^ Nomination archive – Eugenia Kielland nobelprize.org
  58. ^ Nomination archive – Elin Wägner nobelprize.org
  59. ^ Nomination archive – Greta Hedin nobelprize.org
  60. ^ Nomination archive – Louise Rosenblatt nobelprize.org
  61. ^ Nomination archive – Sigrid Undset nobelprize.org
  62. ^ Nomination archive – Gabriela (Lucile) Mistral (Godoy y Alcayaga) nobelprize.org
  63. ^ Nomination archive – May Morton nobelprize.org
  64. ^ Nomination archive – Kersti Bergroth nobelprize.org
  65. ^ Nomination archive – Margot Arce de Vázquez nobelprize.org
  66. ^ Nomination archive – Julia Braschi nobelprize.org
  67. ^ Nomination archive – Asta Kihlbom nobelprize.org
  68. ^ Nomination archive – Gladys Willcock nobelprize.org
  69. ^ Nomination archive – Gladys Turquet nobelprize.org
  70. ^ Nomination archive – Amalia de del Rio nobelprize.org
  71. ^ Nomination archive – Maria Rosa Lida de Malkiel nobelprize.org
  72. ^ Nomination archive – Leonida Biancolini nobelprize.org
  73. ^ Nomination archive – Alfonsina Braun nobelprize.org
  74. ^ Nomination archive – Concha Zardoya nobelprize.org
  75. ^ Nomination archive – Odette Bornand nobelprize.org
  76. ^ Nomination archive – Mlle Duchemin nobelprize.org
  77. ^ Nomination archive – Jacqueline Duchemin nobelprize.org
  78. ^ Nomination archive – Marie-Jeanne Durry nobelprize.org
  79. ^ Nomination archive – Anna Hyatt Huntington nobelprize.org
  80. ^ Nomination archive – Ingerid Dal nobelprize.org
  81. ^ Nomination archive – Elizabeth Hall nobelprize.org
  82. ^ Nomination archive – Elizabeth Hill nobelprize.org
  83. ^ Nomination archive – Grethe Hjort nobelprize.org
  84. ^ Nomination archive – Maria Villavecchia Bellonci nobelprize.org
  85. ^ Nomination archive – Barbara Hardy nobelprize.org
  86. ^ Nomination archive – Nelly Sachs nobelprize.org
  87. ^ Nomination archive – Berta Moritz nobelprize.org
  88. ^ Nomination archive – Mary Durack Miller nobelprize.org
  89. ^ Nomination archive – Muriel Clara Bradbrook nobelprize.org
  90. ^ Nomination archive – Kristine Heltberg nobelprize.org
  91. ^ Nomination archive – Anna Kamenova nobelprize.org
  92. ^ Nomination archive – Helen Louise Gardner nobelprize.org
  93. ^ Nomination archive – Beatrice M White nobelprize.org
  94. ^ Nomination archive – Mary Renault nobelprize.org
  95. ^ Nomination archive – Jara Ribnikar nobelprize.org
  96. ^ Nomination archive – Gerd Høst-Heyerdahl nobelprize.org
  97. ^ Nomination archive – Hilde Spiel nobelprize.org
  98. ^ Nomination archive – Josephine Louise Miles nobelprize.org
  99. ^ Nomination archive – Petronella Maria Boer-den Hoed nobelprize.org
  100. ^ Nomination archive – Hesba Fay Brinsmead nobelprize.org
  101. ^ Nomination archive – Eeva Kilpi nobelprize.org
  102. ^ Nomination archive – Meta Mayne Reid nobelprize.org
  103. ^ Nomination archive – Petronella O'Flanagan nobelprize.org
  104. ^ Nomination archive – Pacita Habana nobelprize.org
  105. ^ Nomination and selection of Nobel Peace Prize laureates nobelprize.org
  106. ^ Nomination archive – Ellen Robinson nobelprize.org
  107. ^ Nomination archive – Baroness Bertha Sophie F von Suttner nobelprize.org
  108. ^ Nomination archive – Helene Stöcker nobelprize.org
  109. ^ Nomination archive – Belva Ann Lockwood nobelprize.org
  110. ^ Nomination archive – Anna B Zipernowsky nobelprize.org
  111. ^ Nomination archive – Angela de Oliveira Cezar de Costa nobelprize.org
  112. ^ Nomination archive – Fannie Fern Andrews nobelprize.org
  113. ^ Nomination archive – Margaret Wintringham nobelprize.org
  114. ^ Nomination archive – Nelly Thüring nobelprize.org
  115. ^ Nomination archive – Margaret Bondfield nobelprize.org
  116. ^ Nomination archive – Matilda Widegren nobelprize.org
  117. ^ Nomination archive – Henriette Wurmová nobelprize.org
  118. ^ Nomination archive – Margareta Stegman nobelprize.org
  119. ^ Nomination archive – Augusta Rosenberg nobelprize.org
  120. ^ Nomination archive – F F Plaminkova nobelprize.org
  121. ^ Nomination archive – Elisa Petersen nobelprize.org
  122. ^ Nomination archive – Caroline Playne nobelprize.org
  123. ^ Nomination archive – Kristina Hasselgren nobelprize.org
  124. ^ Nomination archive – Stang nobelprize.org