List of rulers of Edom
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The following is a list of the known rulers of the Kingdom of Edom in the Levant.
Descendants of Esau[edit]
Esau עֵשָׂו (Edom אֱדֹֽום) Married three wives[1]
- Reuel[2] רְעוּאֵֽל By Basemath בָּשְׂמַ֥ת (daughter of Elon the Hittite, wife of Ishmael?)[3] Also called Mahalath (the sister of Nebaioth, the firstborn of Ishmael) Married just after Jacob's flight to Haran
- Nahath נַ֥חַת
- Zerah זֶ֖רַח (father of Jobab, 2nd Duke of Edom?)
- Shammah שַׁמָּ֣ה
- Mizzah מִזָּ֑ה
- Jeush יְע֥וּשׁ By Oholibamah[4] אָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ (daughter of Anah עֲנָ֔ה (the wife of Beeri?) the daughter of Zibeon צִבְעֹ֖ון the Hivite). (Also called Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite) Married just before Jacob's flight to Haran
- Jalam יַעְלָ֖ם
- Korah קֹ֑רַח
- Eliphaz[5] אֱלִיפָ֑ז By Adah[6] עָדָ֗ה daughter of Elon אֵילֹון֙ the Hittite. (possibly the same Eliphaz the Temanite in the Book of Job) Married before Jacob's flight to Haran
Kings and governors[edit]
Non-hereditary kings[edit]
| king | son of | from | city |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bela | Beor | Dinhabah | |
| Jobab | Zerah | Bozrah | |
| Husham | Land of Teman | ||
| Hadad | Bedad | Avith | |
| Samlah | Masreqah | ||
| Shaul | Rehoboth on the river | ||
| Baal-hanan | Achbor | ||
| Hadad | Pau (P'ai) |
Dukes/chiefs[edit]
- Timnah (Timna)
- Aliah (Alvah)
- Jetheth
- Oholibamah
- Elah
- Pinon
- Kenaz
- Teman II
- Mibzar
- Magdiel
- Iram
- To Israel c. 990-922
- ?
- To Judah 922 - early 9th century
- ?
- To Assyria 724-612[9]
- Kaus-malaka fl c. 734 (Assyrian name; Edomite name Qos-melek)
- Aya-ramu fl. c. 701
- Kaus-gabri fl. c. 680 (Assyrian name; Edomite name Qos-geber)
- To Babylon 612-539
- ?
- Independence 539-c. 275
- ?
- To the Seleucid Empire c. 200-160
- ? c. 270 - c. 200
- Gorigas 160s
- ? 160-109
- Governors of Idumea under the Hasmonean dynasty 109 BC.
- Antipas c. 100-78
- Antipater 78-43
Governors of Idumea under Herod[edit]
Note that the Herodian dynasty itself was of Idumaean extraction.
- Joseph ben Antipater (brother of Herod the Great). c. 43-35
- Costobarus (brother-in-law of Herod the Great).......30s
- To Judea directly.................................30s-4
- To Rome..........................................4 BC- AD 60
Governors of Idumea under the Revolutionary government of Judaea[edit]
- Niger the Perean
- Joshua ben Saphas ha-Kohen
- Eleazar ben Hananiah
- To Rome
References[edit]
- ^ Gen 26
- When Esau was forty years old, he married
- Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and also
- Basemath daughter of Elon the Hittite.
- 35 They were a source of grief to Isaac and Rebekah.
- 9Then went Esau unto Ishmael whom God blessed (Genesis 17:20), and took unto the wives which he had
- Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael Abraham's chosen son (Gen. 17:20), the sister of Nebajoth, to be his wife.
- 2Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan;
- Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and
- Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite;
- 3also Basemath daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth
- ^ Gen 36
13And these are the sons of Reuel;
- ^ Gen 36
- ^ Gen 36
14And these were the sons of
Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon (the Hivite?), Esau's wife: and she bare to Esau
- ^ Gen 36 11And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz.
- ^ Gen 36
10These are the names of Esau's sons; - ^ Gen 36
12And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son;
and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the (grand)sons of Adah Esau's wife. - ^ 1 Chron 1
39And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan's sister. - ^ Crowell, Bradley L. (2021). Edom at the Edge of Empire: A Social and Political History. SBL Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-88414-528-8.