National Library and Archive of Iran

Coordinates: 35°45′8.53″N 51°26′3.67″E / 35.7523694°N 51.4343528°E / 35.7523694; 51.4343528
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National Library and Archives of Iran
National Library building
Map
LocationShahid Haghani Expressway, Davoodiyeh, Vanak Square, Tehran, Iran
TypeNational library
Established1937 (87 years ago) (1937)
Architect(s)Yousef Shariatzadeh Edit this on Wikidata
Branches1 (Shahid Bahonar Street, Niavaran, Tehran)
Collection
Items collectedBooks, journals, newspapers, magazines, sound and music recordings, patents, databases, maps, stamps, prints, drawings,and manuscripts
Size15,000,000
Legal depositYes
Access and use
Access requirementsOpen to anyone with a need to use the collections and services
Other information
Budget44 billion Iranian Rial (1,446,845 million USD)
DirectorAlireza Mokhtarpour Ghohroudi
Websitewww.nlai.ir

The National Library and Archives of Iran (NLAI) or National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran is located in Tehran, Iran, with twelve branches across the country. The NLAI is an educational, research, scientific, and service institute authorized by the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Its president is appointed by the President of Iran. The NLAI is the largest library in the Middle East and includes more than fifteen-million items in its collections.[1][2]

In the 2024 March 19th it was found by a eyewitness that some ten thousand National Library publications eg. pre-1979 revolution magazines held by the library and archives organization were destroyed secretly, the government claimed they were "old and unreadable".[3][4]

History[edit]

Iran's national library and national archives began as separate institutions. In 2002, the two merged to form the National Library and Archives of Iran, but continue to operate in two independent buildings.

Library[edit]

The emergence of the National Library and Archives of Iran was a gradual process preceded by a long work on book collection.

In 1864, Iran's first modern library was established at the Dar ul-Funun, an educational institution that trained military personnel and engineers. Under Mozaffar ad-Din Shah, Iranians started to actively explore Western culture thanks to the diplomatic and economic ties established with the West. In 1897, a scientific society, which actively supported and disseminated Western educational values, was founded in the Iranian capital, Tehran. The work of this society led to the creation of the National Scientific Library in 1898. The college's small library collection became the cornerstone of the National Library.

At the end of 1934, Mehdi Bayani (the first director of the National Scientific Library) suggested that Minister of Science Ali-Asghar Hekmat created the National Library of Iran. The minister agreed, and two years later Ali-Asghar Hekmat approached Reza Shah Pahlavi (the thirty-fourth shah of Iran from 1925 to 1941 of the Pahlavi dynasty) with a request to erect a separate building for the library. The building was designed by French archaeologist and architect Andre Godard. The book collections of the National Scientific Library, the Royal Library, the Aziz Khan Library, and the Russian Credit Bank (a total of 30,000 publications) were moved there. The library was opened on August 25, 1937. This day is considered the date when the modern National Library of Iran started its work.

In the second half of 1950, the National Library of Iran was running out of space, and an additional building was constructed. After the Iranian Revolution, the library was reorganized and enlarged. It was merged with the Tehran Book Processing Center and the Islamic Revolution Cultural Documentation Organization into the National Library and Documentation Organization. In 2002, it was joined by the National Archives of Iran, turning into the National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Currently, this organization occupies two separate buildings: the new building of the National Library of Iran and the building of the National Archives of Iran.

In 1963, the Center for Islamic and Iranian Studies was founded in the National Library of Iran. Its task is to procure Islam-related publications in all languages except Farsi and Arabic. This center keeps books in various languages published more than 400 years ago, as well as journals and dissertations.[5]

In 1994, the organization for the commissioning of state public buildings of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development of Tehran held a national competition to design a new building for the National Library of Iran, since the library's collection had been expanding, and it already occupied several buildings throughout the city at the time. Andre Godard, the French archaeologist and architect who designed the Museum of Ancient Iran, was commissioned to design a library building that would look similar to the museum, since they were supposed to be located next to each other.[2]

The new building was constructed between 1996 and 2004 in Abbasabad, Tehran.[2][1] Yousef Shariatzadeh (Persian: یوسف شریعت زاده), Mohsen Mirheydar, and Yadollah Razaghi of Pirraz Consulting Planners, Architects and Engineers designed the building. which cost US$53,930,769.[2] It was dedicated on March 1, 2004, by Seyed Mohammad Khatami, then president of the National and Collective Documents and Library, in a ceremony attended by foreign writers, publishers, and ambassadors. The new library building won a design award from the Environmental Engineering and Architecture Forum in 1997.[2]

The new building of the National Library of Iran has been specifically designed to unite the library's various departments at a single site. With a total area of over 90,000 square meters, the library is the largest in the Middle East. It includes 5 separate halls dedicated to different fields of knowledge, such as humanities and social sciences, law, natural sciences, and healthcare. The library's collection includes about 7 million units, including over 2,500 modern magazines and newspapers. The collection of ancient and rare books contains significant works by Iranian authors on philosophy, Sufism, Islam, medicine, and astronomy in Farsi and Arabic.

In addition to reading halls and book storage rooms, the library also houses exhibition areas, a bookstore, a cafe, and a prayer room. The library often holds scientific and educational events and organizes various courses, workshops, and seminars.[5]

The National Library also includes twelve provincial branches: Boushehr, Ghazvin, Hamadan, Kerman, Isfahan, Mashhad, Rasht, Sari, Shiraz, Tabriz, Yazd, and Zahedan.

Isfahan officially Central Region including Kohgiluyeh Buyerahmad and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari keeps 7 -15 million documents.[6][7]

Since 2004, the National Library of Iran has had a beneficial relationship with the Library of Congress.

Archives[edit]

During the Qajar period, especially under Fath Ali Shah Qajar in the early 19th-century, documents were kept in the archives of the Biotat Office at the court. During the time of Nasser al-Din Shah in the mid to later 19th-century, political documents were stored at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and financial documents at the office of Mirza Yusuf Khan Mostofi al-Mamalik. In 1899, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs started following European archival methods by consolidating its archives and implementing the principles of document preservation.

National Archive building

In 1966, a bill to create a National Archive Organization of Iran was introduced. In 1970, the National Assembly approved the law establishing this organization. National records are, "All records, correspondence, offices, files, photographs, maps, clichés, charts, films, tape recorders and other documents that have been prepared by the government or have reached the government and are constantly in the possession of the government."

Facilities[edit]

National Library first floor study hall
National Library Women Studies Hall Entrance
National Library Women Studies Hall

The eight-story library building has 11,695 square metres (125,880 sq ft).[2] It is constructed of concrete that can withstand level nine-magnitude earthquakes. The overall design is organic and creates "an intimate and inviting atmosphere."[2]

The building consists of fifteen halls:

  • Kharazmi Hall: rare books and manuscripts
  • Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi Hall: links
  • Kamal al-Molk Forum: non-book resources
  • Ibn Nandim Hall: reference and bibliography
  • Razi Hall: science and technology
  • Ibn Sina Hall: humanities
  • Farabi Hall: social sciences and arts
  • Mohaddes Armavi Hall: Iranian Studies and Islam Studies
  • Rudaki Hall: special section for the enlightened and the disabled
  • Kamaluddin Behzad Hall: non-book resources
  • Parvin Etesami Hall: women's hall
  • Digital Forum
  • Public Library: titles of Saadi and Hafez
  • Children's Library
  • Museum of Books and Documentary Heritage of Iran

Collections[edit]

Smallest octagonal Quran, قرآن هشت ضلعی

The National Archives and Library of Iran houses three major collections: National Library, National Archive, and Digital.

The National Library incorporates collections from many older libraries. The majority of the collection consists of books and manuscripts covering the writings of Iranian scholars in the fields of literature, history, philosophy, mysticism, jurisprudence, medicine, and astronomy.

The collection also includes many rare and valuable manuscripts, such as calligraphy pieces by great masters. The smallest known octagonal Quran, measuring 3 by 3.3 centimetres (1.2 by 1.3 in), is a prized item in the collection. This Quran is important because of its antiquity and line cleanliness.

According to the Deputy of the National Library in 2019, the collection included:

  • 2,841,665 books
  • 301,782 dissertations
  • 609,053 non-book resources, including photographs and CDs.
  • 4,000,000 magazines in 140,619 volumes, including 24,997 Latin and Arabic publications
  • 298,150 books for children and adolescents
  • 23,323 books for the blind, including books-on-tape, books-on-CD, and around 1,000 Braille books
  • 775 magazines for the blind and visually impaired
  • 55,000 old books, including 28,158 manuscripts and more than 26,000 lithographs featuring old lead printing
  • An Iranian Studies collection that includes 80,410 books, 2,300 dissertations, and 6000 journals
  • An Islam Studies collection with 8,203,238 books, magazines, and tapes
  • The library has fourteen halls with fifteen million library items.[1]

Publications[edit]

In 1962, the National Library took over the publication of the Iranian National Bibliography (Ketab-shenasi-e Melli-e Iran). It issued this annual publication between 1962 and 1966, changing to monthly and quarterly in 1969.[8][1] The NLAI also publishes a Biannual Journal of Oral History Research.[9]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Kent, Allen and Lancour, Harold and Daily, Jay E. (eds.). "Iran, Libraries". Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. vol. 13. New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 26–28
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Mehrazan. "National Library of Iran - Contemporary Architecture of Iran". www.caoi.ir. Retrieved 2022-09-12.
  3. ^ https://www.independentpersian.com/node/394111/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%8C-%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF
  4. ^ https://www.jamaran.news/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8-5/1626693-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A1-%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C
  5. ^ a b "Национальная библиотека Ирана – самая большая на Ближнем Востоке". islam.kz/ (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  6. ^ "7میلیون سند تاریخی در مرکز اسناد اصفهان نگهداری می شود » اصفهان امروز آنلاین". اصفهان امروز آنلاین (in Persian). Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  7. ^ "توسعه فعالیت مرکز اسناد و کتابخانه ملی اصفهان نیازمند تغییر نگرش مردم است - ایرنا". www.irna.ir. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  8. ^ George Chandler (1971). "Iran". Libraries in the East: an International and Comparative Study. Seminar Press. pp. 39–50. ISBN 0-12-815550-7.
  9. ^ "Biannual Journal of Oral History". joralh.nlai.ir. Retrieved 2022-09-11.

External links[edit]

Media related to National Library of Iran at Wikimedia Commons35°45′8.53″N 51°26′3.67″E / 35.7523694°N 51.4343528°E / 35.7523694; 51.4343528