Oe (Mongolic)

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Oe is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language[edit]

Oe
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
a
e
i
o
u
ö
ü
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
n
ng
b
(p)
q/k
γ/g
m
l
s
š
t
d
č
ǰ
y
r
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 17, 20 [3]: 546 
ö Transliteration[note 1]
[a] Alone
ᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠥ᠋‍ Medial (word-initial syllable)
‍ᠥ‍ Medial (subsequent syllables)
‍ᠥ Final
Ligatures[2]: 22–23, 24–25 [3]: 546 
, Transliteration
ᠪᠥ ᠫᠥ ᠭᠥ⟨?⟩ ⟨w/o tail⟩[b] Alone
ᠭᠥ᠋⟨?⟩ ⟨w/ tail⟩
ᠪᠥ‍ ᠫᠥ‍ ᠭᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠪᠥ‍ ‍ᠫᠥ‍ ‍ᠭᠥ‍ Medial
‍ᠪᠥ ‍ᠫᠥ ‍ᠭᠥ Final
  • Transcribes Chakhar /o/;[8][9] Khalkha /o/[ɵ], /ə/, and //.[10]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ө.[11][4]
  • Indistinguishable from ü, except when inferred by its placement: it is only found in medial or final syllables if the initial syllable also carries it.[2]: 11, 20 [7]: 9–10 
  • ‍ᠥ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords.[12]: 39 
  • The syllable-initial medial form ‍ᠥ᠋‍ is also used in non-initial syllables in proper name compounds,[12]: 44  as well as in loanwords.[citation needed]
  • ‍ᠥ᠌‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[12]: 44 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), followed by a yodh (𐽶) in word-initial syllables, and preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [13]: 111, 113 [12]: 35 
  • Produced with O using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[14]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, ö comes after u and before ü.

Clear Script[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ As in /ᠥᠭᠡ ö/öge (өө öö) 'fault; roughness, unevenness'.[6]: 627, 630 
  2. ^ As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ (хүү khüü) particle,[6]: 494 [7]: 46  or ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.[6]: 475, 478 
  1. ^ Scholarly transliteration.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. ^ a b c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. ^ a b c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. ^ a b c Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
  7. ^ a b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  8. ^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  9. ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  11. ^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  12. ^ a b c d Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  13. ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  14. ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.