Ue (Mongolic)

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Ue is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language[edit]

Ue
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
a
e
i
o
u
ö
ü
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
n
ng
b
(p)
q/k
γ/g
m
l
s
š
t
d
č
ǰ
y
r
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 17, 20 [3]: 546 
ü Transliteration[note 1]
[a] Alone
ᠦ‍ Initial
‍ᠦ᠋‍ Medial (word-initial syllable)
‍ᠦ‍ Medial (subsequent syllables)
‍ᠦ Final
Ligatures[2]: 22–23, 24–25 [3]: 546 
, Transliteration
ᠪᠦ ᠫᠦ ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ ⟨w/o tail⟩[b] Alone
ᠭᠦ᠋⟨?⟩ ⟨w/ tail⟩
ᠪᠦ‍ ᠫᠦ‍ ᠭᠦ‍ Initial
‍ᠪᠦ‍ ‍ᠫᠦ‍ ‍ᠭᠦ‍ Medial
‍ᠪᠦ ‍ᠫᠦ ‍ᠭᠦ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
‑ü(...) ‑ü ‑ün ‑ügei ‑üd Transliteration
 ᠦ⟨?⟩ Whole
 ᠦᠨ⟨?⟩  ᠦᠳ⟨?⟩
 ᠦᠭᠡᠢ⟨?⟩
  • Transcribes Chakhar /u/;[9][10] Khalkha /u/, /ə/, and //.[11]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ү.[12][4]
  • Indistinguishable from ö.[2]: 20 [7]: 9–10 
  • ‍ᠦ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords.[13]: 39  Additionally used in native and modern Mongolian ᠰᠦ᠋⟨?⟩ 'milk' (Classical Mongolian ᠰᠦ⟨?⟩ or ᠰᠦᠨ sün).[6]: 741, 744 [13]: 39 
  • The syllable-initial medial form ‍ᠦ᠋‍ is also used in non-initial syllables in proper name compounds,[13]: 44  as well as in loanwords.[citation needed]
  • ‍ᠦ᠌‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[13]: 44 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), followed by a yodh (𐽶) in word-initial syllables, and preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 [13]: 35 
  • Produced with U using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, ü comes after ö and before ē.

Clear Script[edit]

Xibe language[edit]

Manchu language[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ As in ᠡᠭᠦᠦ/ egüü/ü (үү üü) 'wart; excrescence'.[6]: 303, 995 
  2. ^ As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ (хүү khüü) particle,[6]: 494 [7]: 46  or ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.[6]: 475, 478 
  1. ^ Scholarly transliteration.[4]
  2. ^ Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter ü include:  ᠦ⟨?⟩ ‑ü or  ᠦᠨ⟨?⟩ ‑ün (genitive),  ᠦᠭᠡᠢ⟨?⟩ ‑ügei (negation), and  ᠦᠳ⟨?⟩ ‑üd (plural).[8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. ^ a b c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. ^ a b c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. ^ a b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. ^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. ^ a b c d Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
  7. ^ a b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  8. ^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  9. ^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  11. ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  12. ^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  13. ^ a b c d e Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  14. ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.