Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi

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Umm Isa bint Musa al-Hadi
أم عيسى بنت موسى الهادي
Zawjat al khalifa
Consort of the Abbasid caliph
PredecessorLubana bint Ali ibn al-Mahdi
SuccessorKhadija bint al-Hasan ibn Sahl
Bornc. 783/85
Baghdad or Haditha, Abbasid Caliphate
Died830s
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
Burial
Baghdad
SpouseAl-Ma'mun
Children
  • Muhammad al-Asghar ibn al-Ma'mun
  • Abd Allah ibn al-Ma'mun
DynastyAbbasid
FatherMusa al-Hadi
ReligionIslam

Umm ʿĪsā bint Mūsā al-Hādī (Arabic: أم عيسى بنت موسى الهادي) was an Abbasid dynasty princess, daughter of caliph al-Hadi, niece of caliph Harun al-Rashid and principal wife of al-Ma'mun, the seventh caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate.

Umm Isa was the daughter of Al-Hadi (r. 785–786) from one of his concubines. She was born around 783 or 785. She spend her childhood in Baghdad. She was a young child when her father died in 786. Her father was succeeded by her uncle Harun al-Rashid. Her uncle took care of her and her brothers after al-Hadi's death.

Al-Ma'mun married his first wife Umm Isa, the daughter of his uncle al-Hadi, whom he married when he was eighteen years old. They had two sons, Muhammad al-Asghar, and Abd Allah.[1] This marriage was arranged during Harun al-Rashid's reign. Also, The two sons of al-Hadi, Isma'il and Ja'far married Harun-Rashid's daughters, Hamdunah and Fatimah respectively.[2] Thus, the two daughters of Harun were also cousins and sister-in-laws of Umm Isa. She lived a secluded life in the Caliph's harem, only a few things is known about her.

Umm Isa was one or two years older than her husband al-Ma'mun. Her husband was born on the same day when her father died and her uncle ascended to the Caliphate.

Her uncle, caliph Harun al-Rashid had nominated his two elder sons Al-Amin and al-Ma'mun as heir. Already in 792, Harun had Muhammad receive the oath of allegiance (bay'ah) with the name of al-Amin ("The Trustworthy"), effectively marking him out as his main heir, while Abd Allah was not named second heir, under the name al-Maʾmūn ("The Trusted One") until 799.[3][1] Her husband al-Ma'mun became caliph after the death of her cousin and brother-in-law al-Amin. In 813, al-Amin was beheaded, and al-Maʾmūn became the undisputed Caliph.[4]

Family[edit]

Umm Isa was related to the Abbasid ruling House both maternally and paternally. She was contemporary to several Abbasid caliphs, Abbasid prince and Princesses.

No. Abbasids Relation
1 Musa al-Hadi Father
2 Harun al-Rashid Uncle and Father-in-law
3 Al-Amin Cousin and Brother-in-law
4 Al-Ma'mun Husband
5 Muhammad al-Asghar Elder son
6 Abdallah ibn al-Ma'mun Second son
7 Hamdunah bint Harun al-Rashid Sister-in-law
8 Fatimah bint Harun al-Rashid Sister-in-law
9 Jafar ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
10 Al-Abbas ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
11 Abdallah ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
12 Ishaq ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
13 Isma'il ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
14 Sulayman ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
15 Musa ibn Musa al-Hadi Brother
16 Umm al-Abbas bint Musa al-Hadi Sister

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Rekaya 1991, p. 331.
  2. ^ Abbott 1946, pp. 157.
  3. ^ Gabrieli 1960, p. 437.
  4. ^ Kennedy, Hugh (1986). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates (2nd ed.). London and New York: Pearson Longman. pp. 148–150. ISBN 0-582-49312-9.

Sources[edit]