William IV, Count of Nevers
William IV, (c. 1130 – Acre, 24 October 1168) was count of Nevers, Auxerre, and Tonnerre from 1161 until his death.
Family[edit]
William was a son of William III, Count of Nevers and Ida of Sponheim, and the older brother of his successor Guy, Count of Nevers.[1] In 1164, William married Eleanor of Vermandois. Their marriage was childless.
Crusades[edit]
William was knighted in 1159, only two years prior to the death of his father. He and his brothers, Guy and Reynold, are considered to have been quite young at the time of William III's death; Guy was still mentioned as underage in 1164.[2] William IV resided in the chateaux of Nevers and of Clamecy (present day department of the Nièvre, Burgundy, France). The next nearest town to the east of Clamecy is Vezelay, which, in the early medieval period, was the marshalling point for the start of several crusades to the holy land.
Vézelay Abbey was often in conflict with the counts of Nevers. William IV had his provost Léthard force the monks to take flight and abandon the abbey. In 1166, Louis VII of France arranged a reconciliation between William IV and Guillaume de Mello, abbot of Vézelay. On 6 January 1167 (Epiphany), Louis VII attended the celebration over the reconciliation. In atonement for his supposed crimes against the church, William set out for the Crusader states.[3] In 1168, William of Tyre records the arrival of the Count of Nevers in Jerusalem. In the meantime, Amalric I was preparing for the invasion of Egypt. However, William died shortly afterwards,[4] and he was buried in Bethlehem. Later on, most of his knights participated in Amalric's campaign, and were probably responsible for the massacre of the population of Bilbeis.
Bishopric of Bethlehem[edit]
Before his death in 1168, he promised the bishop of Bethlehem that if Bethlehem should ever fall into Muslim hands, he would welcome him or his successors in Clamecy. After the capture of Bethlehem by Saladin in 1187, the bequest of the now deceased count was honoured and the bishop of Bethlehem duly took up residence in the Hospital of Panthenor, Clamecy, which remained the continuous in partibus infidelium seat of the Bishopric of Bethlehem for almost 600 years until the French Revolution in 1789.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ Constance Brittain Bouchard, Sword, Miter, and Cloister:Nobility and the Church in Burgundy, 980-1198, (Cornell University Press, 1987), 342.
- ^ Francis Christopher Oakley, The Western Church in the Later Middle Ages (1979), page 348
- ^ Catholic Encyclopedia (1912), Volume XIII. Article "Sens" by Georges Goyau.
- ^ Willelmi Tyrensis Archiepiscopi Chronicon, ed. R.B.C. Huygens (Brepols, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis 63A, 1986), XX.III, pp. 915
- ^ de Sivry, L: "Dictionnaire de Geographie Ecclesiastique", page 375., 1852 ed, from ecclesiastical record of letters between the Bishops of Bethlehem 'in partibus' to the bishops of Auxerre.
- Sources
- Hugonis Pictavini Libro de Libertate Monasterii Vizeliacensis.
- An image of a coin from Nevers, dating to his reign
- page of "The Western Church in the Later Middle Ages" by Francis Oakley, mentioning William