Vetus Latina manuscripts

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Part of the 5th-century Quedlinburg Itala fragment, the oldest surviving Old Testament Vetus Latina manuscript

Vetus Latina manuscripts are handwritten copies of the earliest Latin translations of the Bible (including the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, the Deuterocanonical books, and the New Testament), known as the "Vetus Latina" or "Old Latin". They originated prior to Jerome from multiple translators, and differ from Vulgate manuscripts which follow the late-4th-century Latin translation mainly done by Jerome.

Vetus Latina and Vulgate manuscripts continued to be copied alongside each other until the Late Middle Ages; many copies of the Bible or parts of it have been found using a mixture of Vetus Latina and Vulgate readings.

Studies[edit]

Ziegler (1883) comparing three different Vetus Latina manuscripts (W, L, M) of Exodus 32 with the Septuagint (LXX)
See also: Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible, Textual variants in the New Testament, and Textual criticism of the New Testament

Textual critics such as the Cambridge scholars Alan Brooke, Norman McLean and Henry S. J. Thackeray (1906–1935, 8 volumes) have used the blackletter (𝕷) as a sign (known as a siglum) for categorising Vetus Latina manuscripts.[1][2][3] David L. Everson (2014) used "OL" (an abbreviation of "Old Latin") as siglum instead.[4]

In 1949, the Vetus-Latina-Institut of Beuron Archabbey introduced a new numerical system for Vetus Latina manuscripts, of which there are several hundreds altogether. These Beuron numbers are designed to provide unambiguous identification of witnesses in academic usage, yet they are not used very widely in general literature, as they may cause confusion with the Greek minuscule manuscripts.[5]

The Vetus-Latina-Institut allocated numbers up to 99 to all existing Vetus Latina manuscripts of the New Testament, depending on what parts of NT they include, and how old their text is.[6] The lowest numbers are allocated to the gospels, and to the most complete manuscripts. For example, Codex Sangermanensis (g1) is a witness for the Gospel of Matthew and sparingly in the remaining gospels (Gosp), and four Old Testament Books, and as it is a full manuscript of the Bible is allocated number 7.[6]: +213-214 

  • Manuscripts 1-49 are witnesses to one or more Gospels.
  • Manuscripts 50-74 are witnesses to Acts, General epistles or the Book of Revelation (Rev).
  • Manuscripts 75-89 are witnesses to Pauline epistles (Paul).
  • Manuscripts 91-96 are glosses in Spanish Bibles.[6]

From Beuron no. #100 onwards, most Vetus Latina manuscripts are of the Old Testament, the Psalter, and the Apocrypha. There is occasional overlap between them, for example Old Testament glosses found in Spanish Bibles, or when a manuscript contains both Old and New Testament texts.[6]

Old Testament[edit]

  • Dates are estimated to the nearest 50 year increment.
  • Beu indicates the number of the manuscript according to the Beuron system of the Vetus-Latina-Institut.

Unless specified otherwise, details in the below taken from Fitzmyer, Tobit.[7]

Beu s. Name Date Contents Editor Custodian Location
7 G Codex Sangermanensis 4
fonds lat. 11553 		825 Tobit 1:1–13:2 Petrus Sabatier [fr]
Brooke et al. 		Bibliothèque nationale
de France 		Paris, France
91[8]
133 		L Codex Gothicus
Legionensis glosses[8]: 1  		960[8]: 1  Genesis (fragments)[8]
Tobit[8]: 1 
Judith[8]: 1  		Sancho (author)[8]: 1 
Alban Dold &[8]: 1 
J. Schildenberger[8]: 1  		Basilica of
San Isidoro 		León, Spain
94[8] Valvanera Polyglot Bible
glosses copy[8] 		772[8]: 2 
1561[8]: 2  		Heptateuch Rg Par Jb Prv Ecl Sap
Is Mcc Cath Apc (fragments)[8]: 4  		Hernando del Castillo [es][8]: 2–4 
Dold & Schildenberger[8]: 4  		Incunable Escorial
54.V.35[8] 		Madrid, Spain
95[8] Madrid glosses[8] 1150[8] Genesis (fragments)[8] Real Academia de
la Historia 2–3[8] 		Madrid, Spain[8]
96[8]: 5  Calahorra Codex 2 glosses[8]: 5  1183[8]: 5  Exodus–Chron., Job (fragm.)[8]: 5  –[8]: 5  Calahorra Cathedral[8]: 5  Calahorra, Spain[8]: 5 
100[9] OLL[9]
𝔏r[1] 		Codex Lugdunensis[9]
Lyons Octateuch[1] 		650[9] Gen–Lev; Deut–Judges[8]: 6–7 
Exodus (695 vv.)[9] 		Ulysse Robert[9][1] Bibliothèque
municipale de Lyon[8]: 5  		Lyon, France
101[9]
115[10] 		OLV[9]
𝔏b[2] 		Vienna Palimpsest[1]
Palimpsestus Vindobonensis[2] 		450[9] Gen–Lev (fragments)[8]: 8–9 
1 Samuel 1–14 (partial)[2]
2 Samuel 4–18 (partial)[2] 		Johannes Belsheim[2]
Bonifatius Fischer[9] 		Biblioteca Nazionale[8]: 7  Naples, Italy[8]
102[9] OLO[9] Codex Ottobonianus lat. 66[9][8] 700[9] Gen–Judges Vg/OL mixture[8]: 10  Carlo Vercellone[9] Vatican Library Vatican City
103[9] OLW[9]
𝔏w[1] 		Würzburg Palimpsest[9][1]
Palimpsestus Wirceburgensis[9] 		450[9] Exodus (503 vv.)[9] Ernst Ranke[9][1] Universitätsbibliothek
Würzburg[8]: 10  		Würzburg, Germany
104[9] OLM[9]
𝔏z[2] 		Munich Palimpsest[9]
Monacensis Clm 6225[10] 		550[9] Exodus–Deuteronomy[11]
(609 vv. of Exodus)[9] 		Leo Ziegler[9] Bavarian State Library[10] Munich, Germany
105[8] 𝔓 Oxy.
1073 		Oxyrhynchus Papyrus
VIII 1073[8]: 12  		450[8] Genesis 5:4–13, 5:29–6:2[8]: 13  British Museum;
Inv. 2052[8] 		London, UK
109 X Codex Complutensis I 850 Tobit F. Vattioni Complutense University
Biblioteca Centr. 31 		Madrid, Spain
111[8] Oxford pericopes[8] 825[8]: 13  Gen, Exo, Deut, Songs,
Psalm 41, Is, Minor Prophets[8]: 13  		Bodleian Library;
Auct. F.4.32[8] 		Oxford, UK[8]
116[10] 𝔏m[2] Magdeburg fragment[2][3] 2 Samuel 2:29–3:5[2] Wilhelm Weissbrodt [de][2][3]
116[10] 𝔏q[3] Quedlinburg Itala fragment[3] 450 1 Samuel 5:9–6:12[3]
1 Samuel 9:1–8, 10:10–18[2] 		Adalbert Düning[3]
Wilhelm Weissbrodt [de][2] 		Berlin State Library
Quedlinburg Abbey 		Berlin, Germany
Quedlinburg, Germany
130 M Codex Monacensis
Clm 6239 		800 Tobit, Judith, Esther[12] Johannes Belsheim[13] Bavarian State Library Munich, Germany
135 J Codex Bobbiensis E.26[13] 875[13] Tobit, Esther 1–2, 2 Macc.[13] Antonio Maria Ceriani[13] Biblioteca Ambrosiana[13] Milan, Italy[13]
145 C Codex Reginensis
lat. 7 		850 Tobit 1:1–6:12 Petrus Sabatier [fr]
Brooke et al. 		Vatican Library Vatican City
148 Q Codex Regius fonds lat. 93
or Regius 3564 		850 Tobit Petrus Sabatier [fr]
Brooke et al. 		Bibliothèque nationale
de France 		Paris, France
150 P Codex Corbeiensis fonds
lat. 11505 		822 Tobit Petrus Sabatier [fr]
Brooke et al. 		Bibliothèque nationale
de France 		Paris, France
253[10] 𝔏e[2] Einsiedeln fragment[2] 1420[10] 1 Samuel 2:3–10[2] S. Berger (1893)[2] Einsiedeln Abbey Einsiedeln, Switzerland
𝔏h[2] Haupt fragments 2 Samuel 10:18–11:17, 14:17–30[2] Joseph Haupt[2]
𝔏j[2] Julius Toletanus fragment[2] 2 Samuel 24:11–16[2] Carlo Vercellone[2]

Editions[edit]

s. Name Date Contents Editor Location
OLSb[9]
𝔏s[2] 		Bibliorum sacrorum latinae versiones antiquae[2] 1750[9] Entire Bible Petrus Sabatier [fr][9] Paris
𝔏v[2] Variae lectiones Vulgatae latinae editionis Bibliorum[1][2] 1860–64 Carlo Vercellone[1][2] Rome
Vetus Latina: die Reste der altlateinischen Bibel 1945–present Entire Bible (half completed, in progress)[14]
  • Genesis 1951–1554
  • Ruth 2005
  • Esra I 2008–2016
  • Judith 2001–2020
  • Hester 2003–2008
  • Canticum Canticorum 1992
  • Sapientia Salomonis 1977–1985
  • Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) 1987–2005
  • Esaias 1987–1997
  • Danihel 2021–2022
 Vetus-Latina-Institut Beuron

New Testament[edit]

Codex Vercellensis

The table below employs the following conventions.

  • Dates are estimated to the nearest 50-year increment (but 'first half of 5th century' = '425', 'second half of 5th century' = '475').
  • Content is given to the nearest book (or sometimes chapter); verses and lacunae are not listed.
  • Editions are those consulted by UBS4; in many cases, better editions are also available.
  • Locations are given in anglicised form, unless linked to sources in other languages.
  • Manuscripts will sometimes be referred to as "it" followed by the siglum.
  • Beu indicates the number of the manuscript according to the Beuron system of the Vetus-Latina-Institut.

Unless specified otherwise, details taken from Piggin, The Original Beuron Numbers of 1949.[10]

Beu s. Name Date Contents Editor Custodian City, State Country
1 k Codex Bobiensis 350 Matthew; Mark Jülicher Turin National University Library Turin Italy
2 e Codex Palatinus 350 Gospels Jülicher Buonconsiglio Castle (Ms 1589)
Trinity College Dublin (MS 1709)
British Library (Add. MS 40107) 		Trento
Dublin
London 		Italy
Ireland
United Kingdom
3 a Codex Vercellensis 375 Gospels Jülicher Vercelli Cathedral Library Vercelli Italy
4 b Codex Veronensis 500 Gospels Jülicher Verona Cathedral Library Verona Italy
5 d Codex Bezae 400 Gosp; Acts; 3J Jülicher Cambridge University Library Cambridge United Kingdom
6 c Codex Colbertinus 1200 Gosp; Acts; 3J Jülicher National Library of France (lat. 254) Paris France
7 g1 Codex Sangermanensis I 800 Matthew, OT parts Sabatier National Library of France (lat. 11553) Paris France
8 ff2 Codex Corbeiensis II 450 Gospels Jülicher National Library of France (lat. 17225) Paris France
9 ff1 Codex Corbeiensis I 950 Matthew Jülicher Russian National Library Saint Petersburg Russia
10 f Codex Brixianus 525 Gospels Jülicher Biblioteca Queriniana Brescia Italy
11 l Codex Rehdigeranus 700 Gospels Jülicher Berlin State Library (Depot Breslau 3)[15] Berlin Germany
12 h Codex Claromontanus V 500 Matthew; Rev Jülicher Vatican Library Vatican City Vatican City
13 q Frisingensia Fragmenta 24
Frisingensis/Monacensis 		650 Gospels Jülicher Bavarian State Library (clm 6224)
Frising. 24 		Munich Germany
14 r1 Codex Usserianus Primus 600 Gospels Jülicher Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
15 aur Stockholm Codex Aureus
Aureus Holmiensis 		650 Gospels Jülicher National Library of Sweden Stockholm Sweden
16 n Codex Curiensis
Fragmenta Curiensa a2 		450 Luke 11; 13 Jülicher Rätisches Museum Chur Switzerland
16 n Codex Sangallensis 1394 II 450 Gospels Jülicher Abbey library of Saint Gall
Cod. Sang. 1394 II p. 50–89 		St. Gallen Switzerland
16 n Codex Sangallensis 1394 III
Fragmentum Sangallense 		450 Mark 16:14–20 Jülicher Abbey library of Saint Gall
Cod. Sang. 1394 III p. 91–92 		St. Gallen Switzerland
17 i Vindobonensis Lat. 1235 600 Mark; Luke Jülicher National Library of Naples Naples Italy
18 w
π 		Fragmenta Stuttgartensia
Fragmenta Weingartensia
Fragmenta Constantiensia 		650 Gospel
pericope
fragments 		Jülicher Stuttgart
Darmstadt
Donaueschingen 		Germany
19 t Fragmenta Bernensia 550 Mark 1–3 Jülicher Bern University Library Bern Switzerland
20 p Codex Sangallensis 1395 VII 750 John 11 Jülicher Abbey library of Saint Gall St. Gallen Switzerland
21 s Codex Ambrosianus
O. 210 sup. 		600 Luke 17–21 Jülicher Ambrose Library Milan Italy
22 j
z 		Codex Sarzanensis 500 Luke 24, John Jülicher Sarezzano Italy
23 Papyrus 2aE. 450 John 7 Aberdeen University Library Aberdeen United Kingdom
24 ρ Codex Ambrosianus
M. 12 sup., Palimpsest 		700 John 13 Jülicher Ambrose Library Milan Italy
25 v Vindobonensis Lat. 502 650 John 19–20 Jülicher Austrian National Library Vienna Austria
26 Codex Carinthianus 650 Luke 1–2 Jülicher Saint Paul's Abbey, Lavanttal Sankt Paul Austria
27 δ Codex Sangallensis 48 850 Four Gospels Jülicher Abbey library of Saint Gall St. Gallen Switzerland
28 r2 Codex Usserianus II 800 Gospels Jülicher Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
29 g2 Codex Sangermanensis II
fond lat. 13169 		950 Gospels Sabatier National Library of France Paris France
30 gat Codex Gatianum 750 Gospels National Library of France Paris France
32 Lectionary 500 OT/NT Vg/VL mix — Duke Augustus Library Wolfenbüttel Germany
34 Pericope John 1 — Grottaferrata Abbey Grottaferrata Germany
35 μ Book of Mulling 800 Gospels — Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
47 Hu Codex Sangallensis 60 800 John Jülicher Abbey library of Saint Gall St. Gallen Switzerland
48 Hs Codex Sangallensis 51 800 Matthew Jülicher Abbey library of Saint Gall St. Gallen Switzerland
50 e Codex Laudianus 550 Acts Tischendorf Bodleian Library Oxford United Kingdom
51 gig Codex Gigas 1250 Acts; Rev Wordsworth National Library of Sweden Stockholm Sweden
52 g2 Codex Mediolanensis 775 Acts 6-7 Biblioteca Ambrosiana Milan Italy
53 s Codex Bobiensis 550 Acts; Cath White National Library of Naples Naples Italy
54 p 1250 Acts; Cath Wordsworth National Library of France Paris France
55 h Codex Floriacensis
Palimpsestus Floriacensis 		450 Acts; Cath; Rev Buchanan National Library of France Paris France
56 t Liber Comicus 1050 Acts; Paul; Cath; Rev Morin National Library of France Paris France
57 r Codex Schlettstadtensis 700 Acts Morin Humanist Library of Sélestat Sélestat France
58 w — 1450 Acts — Bibliothek Stolberg Wernigerode Germany
59 dem Codex Demidovianus 1250 Acts; Paul; Cath Matthaei lost Russia
61 D Book of Armagh 800 Acts Gwynn Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
62 r Biblia de Rosas[16]
latin 6, 1–4 		950 Acts - National Library of France Paris France
63 Ms. 146 1150 Acts Sanders University of Michigan Library Ann Arbor, Michigan United States
64 q Codex Monacensis 700 Cath Bruyne Bavarian State Library
clm 6220, 6230,6277,6317,28135 		Munich Germany
64 r Frisingensia Fragmenta
236 		700 Cath — Bavarian State Library
clm 6436 (Frising. 236) 		Munich Germany
64 r3 Codex Monacensis 700 Paul Bruyne Bavarian State Library
clm 6220, 6230,6277,6317,28135 		Munich Germany
65 z Harley 1772 750 Cath, Paul, Rev Buchanan British Library London United Kingdom
66 ff Codex Corbiensis 1000 James Wordsworth Russian National Library Saint Petersburg Russia
67 León palimpsest 650 Cath, 1–{2 Mcc Fischer León Cathedral Archive León Spain
75 d Codex Claromontanus 500 Paul Tischendorf National Library of France Paris France
76 e Codex Sangermanensis 850 Paul Tischendorf Russian National Library Saint Petersburg Russia
77 g Codex Boernerianus 850 Paul Matthaei Saxon State Library Dresden Germany
78 f Codex Augiensis 850 Paul Scrivener Trinity College, Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom
79 w
gue 		Codex Carolinus
Guelferbytanus 64 palimp. 		550 Romans† Tischendorf Duke Augustus Library Wolfenbüttel Germany
80 p — 550 Romans 5–6† — University Library Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
81 Codex Parisiensis
fond lat. 653 		800 Heb Souter National Library of France Paris France
82 — 850 Hebrews — Bavarian State Library Munich Germany
83 w Codex Waldeccensis 1050 Paul Schultze City archives Mengeringhausen Mengeringhausen Germany

Editions[edit]

by editor

For precision, publication data is given in the language of the title page of the edition. To make this information comprehensible to the English language reader, links are provided to English language article titles, where necessary and possible.[citation needed]

When a single editor is responsible for more than one edition, these are listed in alphabetical order of the sigla of the relevant manuscripts. In such cases, if the manuscript is not readily identifiable from the title, its name (siglum and number) are appended after the citation.[citation needed]

  • Buchanan, Edgar S. The Epistles and Apocalypse from the Codex Harleianus. Sacred Latin Texts 1. London, 1912.
  • Buchanan, Edgar S. The Four Gospels from the Codex Corbeiensis, together with fragments of the Catholic Epistles, of the Acts and of the Apocalypse from the Fleury Palimpsest. Old Latin Biblical Texts 5. Oxford, 1907. [Codex Floriacensis (h 55)]
  • Bruyne, Donatien de. Les Fragments de Freising— épitres de S. Paul et épttres catholiques. Collectanea Biblica Latina 5. Rome, 1921. (in French)
  • Fischer, Bonifatius. Ein neuer Zeuge zum westlichen Text der Apostelgeschichte. Pages 33–63 in J. Neville Birdsall and R.W. Thomson (eds). Biblical and Patristic Studies in Memory of Robert Pierce Casey. Freiburg im Breisgau: Verlag Herder, 1963. (in German)
  • Frede, HJ. Altlateinische Paulus-Handschriften. Freiburg im Breisgau: Verlag Herder, 1964. (in German)
  • Gwynn, John. Liber Ardmachanus: The Book of Armagh. Dublin, 1913.
  • Jülicher, Adolf, Walter Matzkow and Kurt Aland (eds). Itala: Das Neue Testament in altlateinischer Überliefung. 4 volumes [Matthew–John]. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter and Company, 1938–1972. (in German)
  • Matthaei, C. F., Novum Testamentum, XII, tomis distinctum Graece et Latine. Textum denuo recensuit, varias lectiones nunquam antea vulgatas ex centum codicibus MSS.... 12 volumes. Rigae, 1782-1788. (in Latin)
  • Matthaei, C. F., Novum Testamentum, XIII. Epistolarum Pauli Codex Graecus cum versione Latino veteri vulgo Antehieronymiana olim Buernerianus nunc Bibliothecae Electoralis Dresdeiisis ... Lipsiae, 1791. (in Latin)
  • Morin, Germain. Études, textes, découvertes. Contributions a la littérature et a l'histoire des douze premiers siècles. Anecdota Maredsolana, 2e Série 1. Paris: Abbaye de Maredsous, 1913. (in French) [Codex Schlettstadtensis (r 57)]
  • Morin, Germain. Liber Comicus sive Lectionarius missae quo Toletana Ecclesia ante annos mille et ducentos utebatur. Anecdota Maredsolana 1. Marodsoli, 1893. (in French)
  • Sanders, HA. 'The Text of Acts in Ms. 146 of the University of Michigan'. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 77 (1937): –.
  • de:Schultze, Victor. Codex Waldeccensis. München, 1904.
  • Scrivener, FHA. An Exact Transcript of the Codex Augiensis. Cambridge and London, 1859.
  • Souter, Alexander. Miscellanea Ehrle 1. Studi e Testi 137. Roma, 1924.
  • Tischendorf, Constantin von. Codex Claromontanus. Lipsiae, 1852.
  • Tischendorf, Constantin von. Codex Laudianus, sive Actus apostolorum Graeces et Latine. Monumenta sacra inedita, nova collectio 9. Lipsiae, 1870.
  • Tischendorf, Constantin von. Anecdota Sacra et Profana. Editio repetita, emendata, aucta. Lipsiae, 1861. [Codex Guelferbytanus (gue 79)]
  • White, Henry Julian. Portions of the Acts of the Apostles, of the Epistles of St. James, and of the First Epistle of St. Peter from the Bobbio Palimpsest. Old Latin Biblical Texts 4. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1897.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1906). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume I: The Octateuch. Part I: Genesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. iv. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1927). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume II: The Later Historical Books. Part I: I and II Samuel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. iiv. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Brooke, Alan England; McLean, Norman; Thackeray, Henry St. John (1930). The Old Testament in Greek. Volume II: The Later Historical Books. Part II: I and II Kings (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 11. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  4. ^ Everson 2014, p. 370.
  5. ^ Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
  6. ^ a b c d Houghton, Hugh A. G. (2016). The Latin New Testament: A Guide to its Early History, Tests and Manuscripts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-0-19-874473-3.
  7. ^ Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2013). Tobit. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 7–8. ISBN 9783110907032. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw Fischer, Bonifatius (1951). Vetus Latina: die Reste der altlateinischen Bibel. Genesis, Volumes 2–4. Freiburg: Herder. p. 29. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Everson 2014, p. 371.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Piggin, Jean-Baptiste (2019). "The Original Beuron Numbers of 1949 With Links". piggin.net. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  11. ^ Brooke, McLean & Thackeray 1911, p. v.
  12. ^ Weeks 2004, p. 50–51.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g Weeks 2004, p. 51.
  14. ^ "Vetus Latina: Text Edition | Herder.de". herder.de. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  15. ^ "DCLP/Trismegistos 67212 = LDAB 8480". papyri.info. Retrieved 10 November 2022. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Depot Breslau 3 (codex Rehdigeranus); formerly: Wroclaw, Municipal Library Rehdigeranus 169
  16. ^ Biblia de Roda

Sources[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

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